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POM Exam 1 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

A true pathogen is…

A

capable of infecting healthy individuals

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2
Q

An opportunistic pathogen…

A

infects immunocompromised individuals

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3
Q

Cell wall of fungi is made of ___ and ___

A

chitin; beta glucans

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4
Q

Why are antifungals more toxic?

A

Fungi are more genetically similar to us than bacteria or viruses, so drugs are less selective.

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5
Q

Explain how a fungus can be “thermally dimorphic.”

A

At lower temps (i.e. ambient environment), mold forms with hyphae and produces spores, but is relatively inert. Spores can be inhaled, and the higher temperature of human body triggers the infectious yeast form.

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6
Q

Spores are also known as…

A

conidia

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7
Q

2 kinds of mold hyphae

A

septate and aseptate

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8
Q

Yeast cells with polysaccharide capsules tend to cause…

A

pneumonia and meningitis

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9
Q

Yeast buds via…

A

mitosis

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10
Q

Candida spp causes…

A

oral candidiasis (thrush)

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11
Q

Aspergillus is a ____ with ____ hyphae.

A

mold; septate

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12
Q

Zygomycetes is a ____ with ____ hyphae.

A

mold; aseptate

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13
Q

Best known zygomycete is ___, and it causes ___

A

mucor; rhinocerebral mucormycosis

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14
Q

Spore infection can happen via ___ and ___

A

inhalation; breaks in skin

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15
Q

Cell membranes of fungi contain ___ instead of cholesterol

A

ergosterol

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16
Q

Surface proteins of fungi contain…

A

mannose/mannoproteins

17
Q

What are the 3 main classes (by MOA) of antifungals?

A

cell wall active agents; beta-glucan synthesis inhibitors; DNA/protein synthesis inhibitors

18
Q

Polyenes MOA?

A

bind ergosterol and form pores in membrane/insert into membrane

19
Q

Polyenes can be toxic because they …

A

also bind cholesterol in mammalian cells

20
Q

Azoles MOA?

A

inhibition of ergosterol synthesis

21
Q

Echinocandins MOA?

A

beta-glucan synthesis

22
Q

5-Flucytosine (5-FC) MOA?

A

Pyrimidine analogue that inhibits thymidine synthesis and subsequently inhibits DNA and protein synthesis

23
Q

Echinocandins are targeted to…

A

yeast

24
Q

Candida albicans forms ____ (not a thermal response)

A

germ tubes

25
Q

Are mucor and rhizopus opportunistic or true fungi?

A

opportunistic

26
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum/Histoplasmosis is contracted from _____ and is endemic in ____

A

bat guano; the midwest US

27
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis/Blastomycosis is contracted from _____ and is endemic in _____

A

soil/open wounds; eastern US

28
Q

Coccidioides immitis/Valley Fever is contracted from ____ and is endemic in ____

A

aerated spores; SW US

29
Q

Dimorphic fungi are also known as ____

A

endemic fungi

POM Exam 1 (14 decks)

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