Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

What polymerase must be encoded by RNA viruses?

A

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (must get from + to -)

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2
Q

Acyclovir requires phosphorylation by what to become active?

A

viral thymidine kinase

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3
Q

Why is acyclovir so specific?

A

It has greater affinity for viral polymerase vs cellular polymerase, AND it is phosphorylated mainly in virus infected cells

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4
Q

Acyclovir MOA?

A

Deoxyguanosine analog that terminates chain of DNA

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5
Q

Ganciclovir is phosphorylated by what?

A

CMV kinase

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6
Q

Why is ganciclovir more toxic?

A

it can be phosphorylated by a CMV kinase or by cellular kinases

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7
Q

Influenza virus has _____ RNA genome

A

segmented

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8
Q

Anti-flu drugs target what 3 structural components?

A

HA, NA, and M2

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9
Q

2 important Adamantanes?

A

Amantadine and Rimantadine

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10
Q

Adamantane MOA?

A

inhibit M2 protein so virus can’t uncoat

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11
Q

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir MOA?

A

neuraminidase inhibitors; new virus can’t release from cell membrane

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12
Q

Adamantanes are effective against what kind of flu?

A

A

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13
Q

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir are effective against what kind of flu?

A

A and B

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14
Q

Ribavirin is used to treat ___

A

Hep C (combo therapy)

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15
Q

Ribavirin MOA?

A

nucleoside analog that interferes with viral nucleic acid synthesis

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16
Q

Main goal in treating HIV?

A

control of HIV replication

17
Q

4 main classes of antiretroviral agents?

A

reverse transcriptase inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, fusion/entry inhibitors, protease inhibitors

18
Q

2 main enzymes that HIV encodes?

A

reverse transcriptase and integrase

19
Q

3 kinds of RT inhibitors to know?

A

Nucleotide RT Inhibitors, nucleoside RT inhibitors, non-nucleoside RT inhibitors

20
Q

Best tactic to avoid HIV resistance?

A

strict adherence to meds

21
Q

Why is HAART effective?

A

Use a lot of drugs/combinatorial therapy - resistance becomes less likely and the drugs work for a long time

22
Q

The most common flu drugs block the beginning and the end of the viral infection cycle. Identify which targets the beginning and which targets the end.

A

beginning = M2 ion channel (virus can’t uncoat); end = neuraminidase