Bac Growth and Genetics Flashcards
Phases of bacterial growth, in order?
Lag phase, log phase, stationary phase
What happens during lag phase?
no growth
What happens during log phase?
exponential growth
What happens during stationary phase?
growth rate = death rate
Mycobacterium growth category?
Obligate aerobe
TB in lungs
Bacillus growth category?
Obligate aerobe
Nocardia growth category?
Obligate aerobe
GI microbiome bacteria fall under what growth category?
Obligate anaerobes
Facultative anaerobes
Really like oxygen but can grow with it; most versatile
Facultative anaerobes are often gram ___
negative
Aerotolerant anaerobes
really like to be without oxygen but won’t die with oxygen
Microaerophiles
like some oxygen but not a lot
Most common carbon source is…
glucose
Why do bacteria have more mutations?
No 3’-5’ exonuclease activity in their DNA polymerases
What happens if there is a change in a surface protein gene?
Wrong amino acid sequence can lead to antigen variation
What happens if there is a change in a gene involving an antibiotic target?
Resistance! Drug won’t recognize
How are plasmids replicated?
Autonomously
Plasmids often contain virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes. True or False?
True
Vertical gene transmission
parent –> progeny
Horizontal gene transmission
foreign donor bacteria –> recipient bacteria
How does phage transduction work?
Small fraction of phages have bacterial DNA by mistake, lysis happens, new cell gets infected with previous host bacterial DNA
What is transformation?
naked DNA released by lysis lands on another cell
What is conjugation?
Special pilus transmits DNA between cells, provides protection during transfer
