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Clin Micro > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What are single celled eukaryotic fungi that divide by binary fission or budding?

A

Yeasts

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2
Q

What are multicellular fungi that produce mycelia?

A

Molds

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3
Q

Long, branching filaments that form the feeding thallus of a fungus called the mycelium

A

Hyphae

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4
Q

Molds that have walls that divide hyphae into cells are called _____.

A

Septae

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5
Q

What are the sexual spores of phycomycetes?

A

Free zygotes

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6
Q

What is the sac- like structure that encloses the asexual spores of phycomycetes?

A

sporangium

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7
Q

What are the sacs that enclose the sexual spores of ascomycetes called?

A

Asci

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8
Q

Describe the asexual spores of ascomycetes?

A

They are exogenous and formed at the end of the hyphae

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9
Q

A microscopic club-shaped sexual spore-bearing structure of basidiomycetes?

A

Basidia

Ex: mushrooms, toad stools

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10
Q

Deuteromycetes, AKA fungi imperfecti, have no sexual stage and their asexual spores are called ______.

A

Conidia

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11
Q

What are the three systemic mycoses?

A
  • histoplasmosis
  • coccidiomycosis
  • blastomycosis
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12
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum causes what disease?

A

Histoplasmosis AKA spelunker’s disease

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13
Q

Where is histoplasma capsulatum found?

A

In soil contaminated with bat and bird feces, i.e. caves

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14
Q

How is histoplasmosis obtained?

A

By inhaling spores of histoplasma capsulatum, often found in soil contaminated with bat and bird feces

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15
Q

What disease is caused by coccidioides immitis?

A

Coccidiomycosis AKA valley fever

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16
Q

How is valley fever obtained?

A

Inhaling arthrospore of coccidioides immitis

17
Q

What are the symptoms associated with valley fever?

A

Most infections are asymptomatic but can have a slight fever

18
Q

What disease does blastomyces dermatitis cause?

A

Blastomycosis

19
Q

What are the symptoms of blastomycosis?

A

50% of individuals are asymptomatic but can have flu-like illness with productive cough

20
Q

How is blastomycosis obtained?

A

By inhaling the spores of blastomyces dermatitis into the lungs, where it is transformed to the yeast form of the microbe

21
Q

What is the treatment for all systemic fungal infections?

A

Amphotericin B

22
Q

How does amphotericin B treat fungal infections?

A

It bind to sterols of the primary fungal cell membrane, disrupting the cell and causing lysis

23
Q

Rose handelers disease is caused by what fungi?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

24
Q

How is sporotrichosis/rose handlers disease obtained?

A

Fungi enter via skin lesion (such a a prick from a rose bush) and transform to their yeast form. Nodules and skin lesions appear along lymphatic system

25
Q

Dermatophytoses are superficial mycoses/fungal infections. The main genera include:

A
  • trichophyton
  • microsporum
  • epidermophyton
26
Q

What class of fungal infections/mycoses are characterized by invasion of dead keratinized tissue such as hair and nails?

A

Dermatophytoses AKA superficial mycoses

27
Q

Name given to a fungal skin infection that is synonymous with dermatophytoses?

A

Tinea

28
Q

What superficial mycoses is actually caused by a yeast, not a fungus?

A

Tinea versicolor

29
Q

What is Wood’s lamp and what is it used for?

A

lamp that emits ultraviolet light. If there is a yeast infection on the area
where the Wood’s lamp is illuminating, the area will fluoresce. Normally the
skin does not fluoresce, or shine, under ultraviolet light

30
Q

What are the two species of pathogenic yeasts?

A

Candida albicans

Cryptococcus neoformans

31
Q

How is candidiasis (aka thrush) obtained?

A

The yeast is part of the normal flora of the mouth, gut and vagina but can become pathogenic when normal condition are altered, such as in depressed immunity or with antibiotic use

32
Q

How is cryptococcosis obtained?

A

The large encapsulated yeast, cryptococus neoformans enters the host via respiratory route and then spreads to extrapulmonary tissues, especially the brain, causing meningoencephalitis

33
Q

What microbe typically causes an asymptomatic infection of the lungs in early life, remains latent unless the host becomes immune compromised such as in HIV + patients?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

34
Q

What microbe is not yet established to be a fungus or a Protozoa yet due to antigenic differences in strains derived from various mammalian hosts?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Clin Micro (9 decks)

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