fungi Flashcards
mycosis
a disease caused by infection with a fungus, such as ringworm or thrush.
thallus
a plant body that is not differentiated into stem and leaves and lacks true roots and a vascular system. Thalli are typical of algae, fungi, lichens, and some liverworts.
mycelium
the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae).
hyphae
each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.
septate
having or partitioned by a septum or septa.
as opposed to aseptate, or coenocytic hyphae
mold
fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae
sporangium
a receptacle in which asexual spores are formed.
sponrangiospore
a spore that develops in a sporangium.
zygospore
the thick-walled resting cell of certain fungi and algae, arising from the fusion of two similar gametes.
conidia
a spore produced asexually by various fungi at the tip of a specialized hypha.
(penicillium + aspergillus)
conidiophore
a conidium-bearing hypha or filament.
budding
(yeast) Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. The small bulb like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called a bud.
pseudohyphae
A chain of easily disrupted fungal cells that is intermediate between a chain of budding cells and a true hypha, marked by constrictions rather than septa at the junctions.
dimorphic
fungi that can exist in the form of both mold and yeast
parasitic worms
2 phyla
- platyhelminthes: flatworms
a. class trematoda: flukes
b. class cestoda: tapeworms - nematoda: roundworms
arthropoda
animals w/ jointed appendages n segmented exoskeletons.
a. class insecta (adults have 6 legs; 0, 2, 4 wings): fleas, flies, mosquitoes, lice
b. class arachnida (8 legs): spiders, ticks, mites
hermaphroditic
an organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs and produces gametes normally associated with both male and female sexes
scolex
the anterior end of a tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks for attachment.
proglottid
each segment in the strobila of a tapeworm, containing a complete sexually mature reproductive system.
intermediate host
an organism that supports the immature or nonreproductive forms of a parasite.
definitive host
an organism that supports the adult or sexually reproductive form of a parasite.
larva
the active immature form of an insect, especially one that differs greatly from the adult and forms the stage between egg and pupa
vector
a vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another
taenia saginata
- beef tapeworm, taeniasis
- eating undercooked or raw pork and beef that contain the larvae
- intestines
- usually 5 m or less but can 25 m
chlonorchis sinesis
- lives in the liver of humans, and is found mainly in the common bile duct and gall bladder, feeding on bile
- chinese liver fluke // The infection called clonorchiasis generally appears as jaundice, indigestion, biliary inflammation, bile duct obstruction; cancer causing agent in liver and bile duct
- 15-20 mm long, 3-4mm thick
- raw/undercooked fish
fasciola hepatica
- common liver fluke, sheep liver fluke; Fascioliasis
- eating raw watercress or other water plants contaminated with immature parasite larvae
- bile ducts, liver
- length of 30 mm and a width of 13 mm
schistosoma haematobium
- urinary blood fluke; schistosomiasis; a carcinogen
- bladder
- contact w/ infested water
- 8 mm length
ascaris lumbricoides
- large roundworm, ascariasis
- length 35 cm
- ingest contaminated food/water
- duodenum –> blood –> respiratory tract
necator americanus
- new world hookworm; necatoriasis, a type of helminthiasis
- small intestine
- 9mm
- walking barefoot on contaminated soil
enterobius vermicularis
- human pinworm; enterobiasis
- ingestion of infectious eggs by direct anus-to-mouth transfer by fingers
- F: 10 mm, M: 2-5 mm
- intestines, colon
trichinella spiralis
- consumption of infected meat (often pork)
- “pork worm,” trichinosis
- M: 1.5 mm, F: 3 mm
- intestines –> blood
wuchereria bancrofti
- lymphatic filariasis
- lymph in lower part of body
- 50 mm
- mosquito bites
toxocara canis
- visceral larva migrans, toxocariasis, “dog roundworm”
- 9 to 18 cm
- ingestion of eggs thru contaminated soil, meat, vegetables
- M: 5 cm, F: 15 cm
mycobacterium tuberculosis
- expelled airborne droplets of a person with infectious TB
- lungs; can spread to whole body thru blood
mycobacterium leprae
- leprosy; hansens disease
- skin, peripheral nerves
- nasal secretions or droplets
actinomyces sp
- actinomycosis: sores (abscesses) in body’s soft tissues
- lungs, oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract, and the female genital tract
- Person-to-person by contact of mouth, aerosols, fomites
saccharomyces cerevisiae
- baking yeast
