fungi

Question 1

mycosis

Answer 1

a disease caused by infection with a fungus, such as ringworm or thrush.

Question 2

thallus

Answer 2

a plant body that is not differentiated into stem and leaves and lacks true roots and a vascular system. Thalli are typical of algae, fungi, lichens, and some liverworts.

Question 3

mycelium

Answer 3

the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae).

Question 4

hyphae

Answer 4

each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

Question 5

septate

Answer 5

having or partitioned by a septum or septa.

as opposed to aseptate, or coenocytic hyphae

Question 6

mold

Answer 6

fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae

Question 7

sporangium

Answer 7

a receptacle in which asexual spores are formed.

Question 8

sponrangiospore

Answer 8

a spore that develops in a sporangium.

Question 9

zygospore

Answer 9

the thick-walled resting cell of certain fungi and algae, arising from the fusion of two similar gametes.

Question 10

conidia

Answer 10

a spore produced asexually by various fungi at the tip of a specialized hypha.
(penicillium + aspergillus)

Question 11

conidiophore

Answer 11

a conidium-bearing hypha or filament.

Question 12

budding

Answer 12

(yeast) Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. The small bulb like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called a bud.

Question 13

pseudohyphae

Answer 13

A chain of easily disrupted fungal cells that is intermediate between a chain of budding cells and a true hypha, marked by constrictions rather than septa at the junctions.

Question 14

dimorphic

Answer 14

fungi that can exist in the form of both mold and yeast

Question 15

parasitic worms

Answer 15

2 phyla

1. platyhelminthes: flatworms
   a. class trematoda: flukes
   b. class cestoda: tapeworms
2. nematoda: roundworms

Question 16

arthropoda

Answer 16

animals w/ jointed appendages n segmented exoskeletons.

a. class insecta (adults have 6 legs; 0, 2, 4 wings): fleas, flies, mosquitoes, lice
b. class arachnida (8 legs): spiders, ticks, mites

Question 17

hermaphroditic

Answer 17

an organism that has complete or partial reproductive organs and produces gametes normally associated with both male and female sexes

Question 18

scolex

Answer 18

the anterior end of a tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks for attachment.

Question 19

proglottid

Answer 19

each segment in the strobila of a tapeworm, containing a complete sexually mature reproductive system.

Question 20

intermediate host

Answer 20

an organism that supports the immature or nonreproductive forms of a parasite.

Question 21

definitive host

Answer 21

an organism that supports the adult or sexually reproductive form of a parasite.

Question 22

larva

Answer 22

the active immature form of an insect, especially one that differs greatly from the adult and forms the stage between egg and pupa

Question 23

vector

Answer 23

a vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another

Question 24

taenia saginata

Answer 24

• beef tapeworm, taeniasis
• eating undercooked or raw pork and beef that contain the larvae
• intestines
• usually 5 m or less but can 25 m

Question 25

chlonorchis sinesis

Answer 25

• lives in the liver of humans, and is found mainly in the common bile duct and gall bladder, feeding on bile
• chinese liver fluke // The infection called clonorchiasis generally appears as jaundice, indigestion, biliary inflammation, bile duct obstruction; cancer causing agent in liver and bile duct
• 15-20 mm long, 3-4mm thick
• raw/undercooked fish

Question 26

fasciola hepatica

Answer 26

• common liver fluke, sheep liver fluke; Fascioliasis
• eating raw watercress or other water plants contaminated with immature parasite larvae
• bile ducts, liver
• length of 30 mm and a width of 13 mm

Question 27

schistosoma haematobium

Answer 27

• urinary blood fluke; schistosomiasis; a carcinogen
• bladder
• contact w/ infested water
• 8 mm length

Question 28

ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 28

• large roundworm, ascariasis
• length 35 cm
• ingest contaminated food/water
• duodenum –> blood –> respiratory tract

Question 29

necator americanus

Answer 29

• new world hookworm; necatoriasis, a type of helminthiasis
• small intestine
• 9mm
• walking barefoot on contaminated soil

Question 30

enterobius vermicularis

Answer 30

• human pinworm; enterobiasis
• ingestion of infectious eggs by direct anus-to-mouth transfer by fingers
• F: 10 mm, M: 2-5 mm
• intestines, colon

Question 31

trichinella spiralis

Answer 31

• consumption of infected meat (often pork)
• “pork worm,” trichinosis
• M: 1.5 mm, F: 3 mm
• intestines –> blood

Question 32

wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 32

• lymphatic filariasis
• lymph in lower part of body
• 50 mm
• mosquito bites

Question 33

toxocara canis

Answer 33

• visceral larva migrans, toxocariasis, “dog roundworm”
• 9 to 18 cm
• ingestion of eggs thru contaminated soil, meat, vegetables
• M: 5 cm, F: 15 cm

Question 34

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 34

• expelled airborne droplets of a person with infectious TB

- lungs; can spread to whole body thru blood

Question 35

mycobacterium leprae

Answer 35

• leprosy; hansens disease
• skin, peripheral nerves
• nasal secretions or droplets

Question 36

actinomyces sp

Answer 36

• actinomycosis: sores (abscesses) in body’s soft tissues
• lungs, oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract, and the female genital tract
• Person-to-person by contact of mouth, aerosols, fomites

Question 37

saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer 37

• baking yeast