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Micro > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Fungal characteristics

A

eukaryotic, heterotrophs

possess a chitinous cell wall with beta(1,3) and (1,6) glucans, mannose modified proteins and GPI- anchored proteins

ergosterol in cell membrane

produce filamentous structures and spores

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2
Q

Dimorphic fungi

A

exist as 2 different forms depending on temp

heat (35-40)-yeast, cold (<30)-mold

includes blastomyces dermatidis, coccidiodes immitis, histoplasma capsulatum and paracoccidioides brasiliensis

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3
Q

Virulence factors

A

thermal dimorphism, toxin production, capsules and adhesion factors, hydrolytic enzymes, inflamm stimulants

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4
Q

fungal disease classification

A

hypersensitivity
mycotoxicoses
mycetismus
infections

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5
Q

systemic classification

A

ascomycota
basidiomycota
zygomycota
mitosporic fungi

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6
Q

Ascomycetes

A

form sexual spores in an ascus, largest fungal phylum

septate fungi

candida albicans, pneumocystis jirovecii, trichophyton rubrum/mentagrophytes

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7
Q

basidiomycetes

A

form sexual spores on surface of a pedestal- basidium

cryptococcus neoformans

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8
Q

Zygomycetes

A

most primitive fungal phylum forming spores as zygosporangium

Aseptate fungi with right angle branching

Mucor spp, rhizopus spp, absidia app

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9
Q

Superficial mycoses

A

colonization of outer layers of skin, hair, nails

malazzezia furfur- pityriasis Versicolor
Hortae werneckii- Tinea Nigra
Piedra Hortae- Black Piedra
Trichophyton Rubrum and Mentagrophytes (Ascomycete)- onchomycosis

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10
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses

A

macular, papular or pustular lesions that itch and spread from scratching; due to soil organisms introduced into extremities via trauma

Tinea barbae- beard
tinea pedis- athletes foot
tinea- crusis
tinea corporsis- trunk
tinea capitis- scalp
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11
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

A

Sporothrix schenckii- asomycete- sporotrichosis, mycetoma/eumycetoma, chromoblastomycosis

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12
Q

opportunistic mycosis

A

cause disease in immunocompromised ppl

candida albicans- ascomycete- candidas
aspergillus- ascomycete
cryptococcus neoformans- basidiomycetes
rhizopus, absidia, mucor- zygomycete
pneumocystis jirovecii- ascomycetes
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13
Q

candida albicans

A

opportunistic ascomycetes with pseudohyphae

superficial skin infection, oral cavity, genitalia, LI- forms off white pasty colony with yeasty odor

causative agent of oral thrush, vulvovaginal yeast infection and cutaneous candidiasis

gram positive

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14
Q

Aspergillus

A

opportunistic ascomycetes with low angle branching hyphae, septate

common airborne soil fungus infecting the lungs

AIDS, leukemia, transplant pts

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15
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

A

opportunistic basidomycetes

inhaled, inhabits soil around pigeon roosts infecting lungs and othe rograns like brain

AIDS,cancer,diabetes

use bird seed agar

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16
Q

Rhizopus, absidia, mucor

A

opportunistic zygomycete

saprobic fungi found in soil, water, organic debris and food

usually harmless but can invade nose, eyes, heart, brain and ppl with diabetes or malnutrition

17
Q

pneumocystic jirovecii

A

opportunistic ascomycetes

small unicellular fungus that causes PCP, can be rapidly fatal

AIDS

18
Q

Sporotrichosis

A

subcutaneous ascomycete

sporothrix schenckii

subacute or chronic granulomatous infection often infecting lymphatics

rose bush penetrates skin-> lesion-> ulcerates-> spreads to lymph

19
Q

mycetoma/eumycetoma

A

subcutaneous ascomycete

sporothrix schenckii

granulomatous infection- extends from subcutaneous to bone

pigmented nodules may drain through sinuses and produce grains

20
Q

Chromoblastomycosis

A

subcutaneous ascomycete

sporothrix schenckii

warty pigmented lesions which grow outward from site of introduction “cauliflower lesion”- darker reddish in color

21
Q

Malassezia furfur

A

superficial mycoses

pityriasis/tinea versicolor

infects and causes hypo/hyperpigmented skin

fluoresces under UV

22
Q

hortea werneckii

A

superficial

tinea nigra- causes skin to darken

23
Q

piedra hortae

A

superficial

black piedra- infects hair shaft- also called white piedra

24
Q

trichophyton rubrum/mentagrophytes

A

superficial ascomycete

onchomycosis

infects fingernails and toenails
degenerates keratin/keratinolytic

25
Q

10% KOH

A

fungal stain used only chitionous hyphae survive and visible as hyaline shadows

26
Q

calcofluor white

A

binds chitin and fluoresces under UV

27
Q

gomori methanamine silver stain

A

for hyphae, spores, conidiophores

28
Q

Sabrouraud dextrose agar

A

ph 5.4 for acidic bacterial growth

supplement with antibiotics to inhibit saprophytic fungi

29
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A

form tuberculate macroconidia

Micro (8 decks)

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