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infection control > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mycotoxicosis?

A

The poisoning of humans and animals by food contaminated by fungal toxins

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2
Q

What is Mycetismus?

A

the ingestion of preformed toxins in poisonous mushrooms.

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3
Q

Why are fungi infections so hard to treat?

A

They are eukaryotes. any compounds that kill fungi also harm the eukaryotic animal host.

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4
Q

How do fungi grow?

A

Aerobically

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5
Q

What does aerobically mean?

A

using oxygen

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6
Q

Which fungi are multicellular?

A

Moulds

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7
Q

Which fungi are unicellular?

A

Yeasts

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8
Q

Give an example of multicellular fungi

A

Dermatophytes (ringworm)

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9
Q

give example of unicellular fungi

A

Malassezia
pachydermatis
canidida albicans

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10
Q

what is a Mycosis infection?

A

a disease cause by and infection with fungus such as ringworm or thrush

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11
Q

What is Aspergillosis?

A

a fungal infection that is found worldwide in almost all domestic animals and many wild species. It is a primary respiratory infection that may become generalised

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12
Q

What usually causes aspergillosis in dogs?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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13
Q

Where might aspergillosis affect a dog?

A

typically localised to the nasal cavity, but can cause destruction of the nasal turbinates. Severe infection can affect the orbit.

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14
Q

Which breeds of dog are more susceptible to Aspergillosis?

A

Dolichocephalic

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15
Q

What are the signs of Aspergillosis infection?

A

Bloody nasal discharge, nasal pain, sneezing, ulceration surrounding the nostrils, nosebleeds

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16
Q

What is Candidiasis?

A

A localised fungal disease affecting the mucous membranes, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract

17
Q

what is Candidiasis commonly caused by?

A

Candida albicans (yeast-like fungus)

18
Q

What factors can make an animal more susceptible to candidiasis?

A

injury to any of the mucous membranes,
the use of catheters,
administration of antibiotics,
immunosuppressive drugs or dieases

19
Q

What are the signs of candidiasis?

A

variable and nonspecific

Diarrhoea, weakness, skin lesions

20
Q

What is Cryptococcosis?

A

A fungal disease that may affect the reparatory tract, central nervous stem, eyes and skin

21
Q

What is the common cause of Cryptococcosis?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

22
Q

Where is cryptococcus neoformans often found?

A

worldwide in soil and bird manure, especially the droppings of pigeons

23
Q

how is cryptoccosis transmitted?

A

inhalation of spores or contamination of wounds

24
Q

What animals are more at risk of developing cryptococcosis?

A

Immunosuppressed animals

25
Q

What is Malassezia?

A

a yeast infection found on animals skin and ears. it is an overgrowth of yeast that leads to dermatitis or inflammation of the affected ares.

26
Q

What is the common cause of Malassezia?

A

no one knows

27
Q

what are the signs of malassezia?

A

skin irritations that can be smelly
Skin becoming greasy or turning red or black
the skin is very sore and itchy

28
Q

What is Asexual reproduction?

A

Passing on the traits of a single parent to the offspring - all offspring are identical to each other

29
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Always involves meiosis this is the process by which the nucleus divides in all sexually reproducing organisms during the production of spores or gametes

30
Q

What is Mucelium?

A

the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting or a network of fine white filaments

31
Q

What is a spore?

A

A reproductive particle, usually a single cell, released by a fungus alga, or plant that may germinate into another

32
Q

What does homothallic mean?

A

male and female reproductive structures are present in the same plant or fungal mycelium

33
Q

What are some types of asexual reproduction of fungi?

A

Fragmentation
Budding
Producing spores

34
Q

What are some types of sexual reproduction of fungi?

A

Homothallic or heterothallic mycelia

infection control (9 decks)

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