fungi Flashcards
What are the structural components of fungi
Eukaryotic (membrane bound organelle)
Cell membrane contains sterols
Cell wall contains chitin
Chemoheterotrophs (produces enzyme that digest starch)
Aerobic or faculative anerobic
List everyday fungi
Bread
Bear and wine
Cheese
Ringworm
Mould
Athletes foot
Pest control
What are the functional characteristics of fungi
can grow on complex substrates
reproduces sexually and asexually
tolerate low moisture better than bacteria
Can grow in high osmotic pressure and high sugar.
pH of 5.0 for optimal growth
uncellular (yeast) or multicellular
describe vegative growth
Fungal hyhe groe from the top of the plant. the plant can be split into either septate hypha or coenocytic hypha
desribe hyphae growth
hyphal growth is where the mycelium grows in a circle underground, the circumfrence of the mycelium grown fruiting bodies (Mushrooms)
describe yeast growth
unicellular fungi grows by udding, they divide asymetricly.
Describe dimorphic fungi growth
these fungi can switch between yeast like growth (budding) and mould like growth. this switches is reliant on the enviromental conditions like tempreture or carbon dioxide.
describe obervetions of fungi growing in high sugar and pH of 5 culture.
- Sexual spore-forming structures and spores
- Asexual spore-forming structures and spores
- Types of hyphae (septate or coenocytic)
- Colony texture and pigmentation
- Physiological characteristics.
list and describe the three phases of sexual production in fungi
Plasmogamy (two cells fuse cytoplams one penetrates (plus) and one accepts (minus))
Karyogamy (nucleus of both are in the same cytoplasm adn they fuse)
Meiosis (these produce haploid nuclei for the spores.)
descibe the asexual reproduction in fungi
Reproduction vis mitosis spores, they are genticlly identical.
list the Phylums of fungi
Chitridomycota
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
descibe the characterisits of Chytridiomycota
Mostly unicellulare, they are motile fungi and are ristriced by aqua enviroments.
They are the most primitive fungi
sexual and sexual spore = zoospores
descirbe the characterisitcs of Zygomycota
non moltile spores
sexual spore = zygospores
asexual = sporangiospores
descirbe the characterisitcs of Mycorrhizae (glomeromycota)
they mainly undergo asexual reproduction (glomerospres)
descirbe the characterisitcs of Ascomycota
‘sac fungi’
64 000 specis known
cruical for baking, brewing, fermentation and penicillium.
their fruiting bodies are called ascocarp
Ascospore (sexual)
Conidiospores (asexual)
descirbe the characterisitcs of Basidiomycota
‘club fungi’
30 000 species known they are distingushed by their basidium (mushroom cap) which is the reproducive structure.
condiospore - asexual
basidiospore - sexual
what spores do Basidiomycota have
Conidiospores (asexual)
Ascospores (sexual)
what spores do glomeromycota have
Glomerospores (asexual)
sexual is not known
What spores od Ascomycota have
Conidiospores (asexual)
Ascospores (sexual spores)
What spore do zygomycota have
Sporanigospores (asexual)
Zygospores (sexual)
What spores do chitridomycota have
zoospore (both sexual and asexual)
what are some important example of ascomycota
aspergillu (human pathogen)
Penicillium spp. (antibiotic)
describe lichens
when a sybiotic relationships between fungi and algae form, the fungi cats a shelter and the algae produces and secrete carbohydratess for the fungus.
describe characteristics of water moulds
Phylogentic
Form hypea but are not fungi, ther are brown algae.
produce motile zoospores (2 flagella)
cell wall made from cellulose
decsribe rust and the cause of it in plant
Fungi, treated by fungicide it occurs in high humidity and lack of sanitation.
define Mycoses
disease caused by fungi such as ringworm
define Plasmogamy
connection of + and – compatible hyphae
define Mycetae
another name for the kingdom Fungi
define Phytophthora
the genus of Oomycete that causes potato blight
