fungi

Question 1

What are the structural components of fungi

Answer 1

Eukaryotic (membrane bound organelle)
Cell membrane contains sterols
Cell wall contains chitin
Chemoheterotrophs (produces enzyme that digest starch)
Aerobic or faculative anerobic

Question 2

List everyday fungi

Answer 2

Bread
Bear and wine
Cheese
Ringworm
Mould
Athletes foot
Pest control

Question 3

What are the functional characteristics of fungi

Answer 3

can grow on complex substrates
reproduces sexually and asexually
tolerate low moisture better than bacteria
Can grow in high osmotic pressure and high sugar.
pH of 5.0 for optimal growth
uncellular (yeast) or multicellular

Question 4

describe vegative growth

Answer 4

Fungal hyhe groe from the top of the plant. the plant can be split into either septate hypha or coenocytic hypha

Question 5

desribe hyphae growth

Answer 5

hyphal growth is where the mycelium grows in a circle underground, the circumfrence of the mycelium grown fruiting bodies (Mushrooms)

Question 6

describe yeast growth

Answer 6

unicellular fungi grows by udding, they divide asymetricly.

Question 7

Describe dimorphic fungi growth

Answer 7

these fungi can switch between yeast like growth (budding) and mould like growth. this switches is reliant on the enviromental conditions like tempreture or carbon dioxide.

Question 8

describe obervetions of fungi growing in high sugar and pH of 5 culture.

Answer 8

1. Sexual spore-forming structures and spores
2. Asexual spore-forming structures and spores
3. Types of hyphae (septate or coenocytic)
4. Colony texture and pigmentation
5. Physiological characteristics.

Question 9

list and describe the three phases of sexual production in fungi

Answer 9

Plasmogamy (two cells fuse cytoplams one penetrates (plus) and one accepts (minus))
Karyogamy (nucleus of both are in the same cytoplasm adn they fuse)
Meiosis (these produce haploid nuclei for the spores.)

Question 10

descibe the asexual reproduction in fungi

Answer 10

Reproduction vis mitosis spores, they are genticlly identical.

Question 11

list the Phylums of fungi

Answer 11

Chitridomycota
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota

Question 12

descibe the characterisits of Chytridiomycota

Answer 12

Mostly unicellulare, they are motile fungi and are ristriced by aqua enviroments.
They are the most primitive fungi
sexual and sexual spore = zoospores

Question 13

descirbe the characterisitcs of Zygomycota

Answer 13

non moltile spores
sexual spore = zygospores
asexual = sporangiospores

Question 14

descirbe the characterisitcs of Mycorrhizae (glomeromycota)

Answer 14

they mainly undergo asexual reproduction (glomerospres)

Question 15

descirbe the characterisitcs of Ascomycota

Answer 15

‘sac fungi’
64 000 specis known
cruical for baking, brewing, fermentation and penicillium.
their fruiting bodies are called ascocarp
Ascospore (sexual)
Conidiospores (asexual)

Question 16

descirbe the characterisitcs of Basidiomycota

Answer 16

‘club fungi’
30 000 species known they are distingushed by their basidium (mushroom cap) which is the reproducive structure.
condiospore - asexual
basidiospore - sexual

Question 17

what spores do Basidiomycota have

Answer 17

Conidiospores (asexual)
Ascospores (sexual)

Question 18

what spores do glomeromycota have

Answer 18

Glomerospores (asexual)
sexual is not known

Question 19

What spores od Ascomycota have

Answer 19

Conidiospores (asexual)
Ascospores (sexual spores)

Question 20

What spore do zygomycota have

Answer 20

Sporanigospores (asexual)
Zygospores (sexual)

Question 21

What spores do chitridomycota have

Answer 21

zoospore (both sexual and asexual)

Question 22

what are some important example of ascomycota

Answer 22

aspergillu (human pathogen)
Penicillium spp. (antibiotic)

Question 23

describe lichens

Answer 23

when a sybiotic relationships between fungi and algae form, the fungi cats a shelter and the algae produces and secrete carbohydratess for the fungus.

Question 24

describe characteristics of water moulds

Answer 24

Phylogentic
Form hypea but are not fungi, ther are brown algae.
produce motile zoospores (2 flagella)
cell wall made from cellulose

Question 25

decsribe rust and the cause of it in plant

Answer 25

Fungi, treated by fungicide it occurs in high humidity and lack of sanitation.

Question 26

define Mycoses

Answer 26

disease caused by fungi such as ringworm

Question 27

define Plasmogamy

Answer 27

connection of + and – compatible hyphae

Question 28

define Mycetae

Answer 28

another name for the kingdom Fungi

Question 29

define Phytophthora

Answer 29

the genus of Oomycete that causes potato blight