foundations

Question 1

how does microbio relate to ASC

Answer 1

rumen ecology
parasitic infection

Question 2

how does microbio effect our lives

Answer 2

1. pathalogentic (2000 disease causeing species)
2. some are fungai
3. they make up 50% of the earth oxygen
4. some are industrial chemicas (ethanol and acetone)
5. produce fermented foos (vinegar,bread, beer ect)
6. produce biotechnology prodcuts (celluose, insulin, vacines ect)

Question 3

taxonomic hierarchy

Answer 3

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, ORder, Family, Genus, Species

Question 4

three domains of life

Answer 4

baceria, arachea and eukarya

Question 5

major groups of microorganisms

Answer 5

Bacteria
Archaea
Fungai
Protozoan
Algae
Multicellular Parasite
Virus

Question 6

Robert hooke

Answer 6

(1665)
Used a rough microscope to view a cork and saw it was made from ‘boxes’ of which he named cells. This was the start of cell theory.

Question 7

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 7

(1673)
Observed the first microbes. He first made the microscope to view clothes fibres however became intrigued with the bacteria and protozoa he saw of which he called animalcules (little animals)

Question 8

Joseph Lister

Answer 8

(1827 - 1912)
Performs surgery under aseptic conditions using phenol, proved that microbes cause surgical infections.

Question 9

Robert Koch

Answer 9

(1843 - 1910)
Established experimental steps for directly linking a specific microbe to a specific disease. (mouse guy)

Question 10

Lynn Margulis

Answer 10

Elected to the national academy of science in 1983. She revolutionised the classification scheme used to distinguish the five major kingdoms (bacteria, protoctists, animals, fungi and plants.

Question 11

Barry Marshall and Robin Warren

Answer 11

2005 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. He noted spiral bacteria in patients with gastric ulcers and identified the species Helicobacter pylori.

Question 12

Define Spontaneous generation and how is was disproved

Answer 12

The hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter; a “vital force” forms life.
Louis Pastuer (1861)
He proved that living cells only arise from living cells. He did this by holding three different shaped flasks and observing which has microbial growth. The s shaped flask kept microbes out. Thus spontaneous generation was disproved.

Question 13

Define Biogenesis

Answer 13

The hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life

Question 14

Define
Bacteriology
Mycology
Parasitology
Virology
Immunology
Toejamology

Answer 14

Bacteriology - Study of bacteria
Mycology - Study of fungi
Parasitology - Study of protozoa and parasitic worms
Virology - Study of virus
Immunology - Study of immunity
Toejamology - falsehood

Question 15

Define microbiology

Answer 15

the study relates to the size, small organisms that require a microscope to be seen, this covers a major group of organisms.

Question 16

Francesco Redi

Answer 16

Francesco Redi (1658) of which proved that microgrowth will not occur unless it is exposed to the environment. This was done by observing decaying meat under different conditions.

Question 17

List the SI units of length

Answer 17

millimetre, micro meter, nanometer, pico meter, femtometer,
each in diffrencec of one thousand or 10^3

Question 18

White light -

Answer 18

White light - wavelength 400 - 700 that can be spit many ways (rainbow triangle)

Question 19

Transmission

Answer 19

light passes through an object.

Question 20

Absorption

Answer 20

light is taken by and object

Question 21

Refraction

Answer 21

bending of light after it passes through a medium

Question 22

Reflection

Answer 22

remission of light after hitting a surface

Question 23

Fluorescence

Answer 23

Fluorescence - high energy light hits a fluorescent molecule and then re-emits that light.

Question 24

draw the light path through a compound microscope

Answer 24

Light concedes at the condense shine through the specimen up into the eye piece.

Question 25

differ the gram stain results

Answer 25

Negative - red
Positive - blue
Non reactive - you done messed up
Variable - both

Question 26

steps in the gram stain

Answer 26

Crystal violet tints it, then gram’s iodine chrysalises cell wall, then the decolouriser (alcohol) effects if negative than when adding safranin red is added the decoloured part will be tinted red.

Question 27

Differentiate capsule stain, endospore stain, flagella stain

Answer 27

Capsule - bacteria cannot be stained so the surrounding are stained and then the outline can be seen
Flagella - use carbofuchia to enlarge then as they usually cannot be seen by Light microscope,
Endospore - water decolourises, the endospore appear red