foundations Flashcards
how does microbio relate to ASC
rumen ecology
parasitic infection
how does microbio effect our lives
- pathalogentic (2000 disease causeing species)
- some are fungai
- they make up 50% of the earth oxygen
- some are industrial chemicas (ethanol and acetone)
- produce fermented foos (vinegar,bread, beer ect)
- produce biotechnology prodcuts (celluose, insulin, vacines ect)
taxonomic hierarchy
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, ORder, Family, Genus, Species
three domains of life
baceria, arachea and eukarya
major groups of microorganisms
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungai
Protozoan
Algae
Multicellular Parasite
Virus
Robert hooke
(1665)
Used a rough microscope to view a cork and saw it was made from ‘boxes’ of which he named cells. This was the start of cell theory.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
(1673)
Observed the first microbes. He first made the microscope to view clothes fibres however became intrigued with the bacteria and protozoa he saw of which he called animalcules (little animals)
Joseph Lister
(1827 - 1912)
Performs surgery under aseptic conditions using phenol, proved that microbes cause surgical infections.
Robert Koch
(1843 - 1910)
Established experimental steps for directly linking a specific microbe to a specific disease. (mouse guy)
Lynn Margulis
Elected to the national academy of science in 1983. She revolutionised the classification scheme used to distinguish the five major kingdoms (bacteria, protoctists, animals, fungi and plants.
Barry Marshall and Robin Warren
2005 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. He noted spiral bacteria in patients with gastric ulcers and identified the species Helicobacter pylori.
Define Spontaneous generation and how is was disproved
The hypothesis that living organisms arise from nonliving matter; a “vital force” forms life.
Louis Pastuer (1861)
He proved that living cells only arise from living cells. He did this by holding three different shaped flasks and observing which has microbial growth. The s shaped flask kept microbes out. Thus spontaneous generation was disproved.
Define Biogenesis
The hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life
Define
Bacteriology
Mycology
Parasitology
Virology
Immunology
Toejamology
Bacteriology - Study of bacteria
Mycology - Study of fungi
Parasitology - Study of protozoa and parasitic worms
Virology - Study of virus
Immunology - Study of immunity
Toejamology - falsehood
Define microbiology
the study relates to the size, small organisms that require a microscope to be seen, this covers a major group of organisms.
Francesco Redi
Francesco Redi (1658) of which proved that microgrowth will not occur unless it is exposed to the environment. This was done by observing decaying meat under different conditions.
List the SI units of length
millimetre, micro meter, nanometer, pico meter, femtometer,
each in diffrencec of one thousand or 10^3
White light -
White light - wavelength 400 - 700 that can be spit many ways (rainbow triangle)
Transmission
light passes through an object.
Absorption
light is taken by and object
Refraction
bending of light after it passes through a medium
Reflection
remission of light after hitting a surface
Fluorescence
Fluorescence - high energy light hits a fluorescent molecule and then re-emits that light.
draw the light path through a compound microscope
Light concedes at the condense shine through the specimen up into the eye piece.
differ the gram stain results
Negative - red
Positive - blue
Non reactive - you done messed up
Variable - both
steps in the gram stain
Crystal violet tints it, then gram’s iodine chrysalises cell wall, then the decolouriser (alcohol) effects if negative than when adding safranin red is added the decoloured part will be tinted red.
Differentiate capsule stain, endospore stain, flagella stain
Capsule - bacteria cannot be stained so the surrounding are stained and then the outline can be seen
Flagella - use carbofuchia to enlarge then as they usually cannot be seen by Light microscope,
Endospore - water decolourises, the endospore appear red
