Fungi

Question 1

Saprobes

Answer 1

Decomposers that break down dead organiz matter and are essential for nutrient cycling

Question 2

Mycelium

Answer 2

Main fungal body composed of hyphae

Question 3

Hyphae

Answer 3

One thick cell that extends

Question 4

Molds

Answer 4

Refer to several groups of fungi that grow as hyphae and rapidly asexually reproduce

Question 5

Microsporidia

Answer 5

Intracellular parasites of many animals

Question 6

Mitomes

Answer 6

Serve as mitochondria in microsporidia

Question 7

Chytrids

Answer 7

Only group of fungi that retain swimming spores with flagellum
(Global amphibian decline)

Question 8

Zygomycota

Answer 8

Aseptate fungi with no divisions and free nuclei
(EX: Bread mold)

Question 9

Giomeromycota

Answer 9

Form arbuscular mycorrhizae with plants
Hyphae penetrate plant cells Nutrient adv to plant

Question 10

Dikarya

Answer 10

Most common fungi
Mushroom fruiting bodies
Dikaryotic life cycle

Question 11

Absorptive Heterotroph

Answer 11

Feeds by externally digesting organic matter and absorbing the nutrients

Question 12

Ascomycota

Answer 12

Sac fungi
Ascus spore structure
EX: Morel and truffles
Yeasts and molds that rarely undergo sexual reproduction

Question 13

Basidiomycota

Answer 13

Basidium spore structure
May be highly specialized
EX: Shelf or Coral
May not have fruiting bodies
EX: Smut or Rust

Question 14

Fruiting bodies

Answer 14

Majority of morphological variation
Rely on moist environments for reproduction and dispersal

Question 15

Brown Rot Fungi

Answer 15

Can break down cellulose but leaves lignin behind
Evolved before white rot

Question 16

White Rot Fungi

Answer 16

Can break down cellulose and lignin

Question 17

Mycorrhizae

Answer 17

Ancient symbioses with embryophyte that involve many fungi

Question 18

Lichens

Answer 18

Symbiosis formed between a ascomycota and algae or cyanobacteria

Question 19

Mycobiant

Answer 19

Fungal symbiont that forms lichen body

Question 20

Photobiant

Answer 20

Performs photosynthesis (green algae/cyanobacteria)

Question 21

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 21

Used to show how a microbe causes disease

Question 22

Virulence factors

Answer 22

Fungi and bacteria have genes that increase virulence (EX: toxins, coatings, and adhesions)

Question 23

Mycotoxins

Answer 23

Secreted by fungi and my impact human health via secondary infection or chronic exposure

Question 24

Aflatoxin

Answer 24

Aspergillus flavus produces this mycotoxin

Question 25

Ascospore

Answer 25

A cluster of 4-8 spores within the ascus of a ascomycota

Question 26

Ascus

Answer 26

Diagnostic spore structure of Ascomycota
8 spores in a sac

Question 27

Basidiospore

Answer 27

A spore produced by a basidium

Question 28

Basidium

Answer 28

Diagnostic spore structure of Basidiomycota
4 spores on a club

Question 29

Dikaryon

Answer 29

N + N when two mating type hyphae combine

Question 30

Karyogamy

Answer 30

Fusion of two nuclei in dikaryon

Question 31

Meiospore

Answer 31

Products of karyogamy-meiosis-cytokinesis

Question 32

Mitospore (conidium)

Answer 32

Spores produced by mitosis characteristic of Ascomycetes

Question 33

Plasmogamy

Answer 33

Protoplasm fusion to two mating type hyphae resulting in formation of a dikaryon

Question 34

Truffle

Answer 34

Underground mushrooms part of Ascomycota

Question 35

Yeast

Answer 35

Unicellular fungi
Many different groups form yeasts
(EX: Fermentation)