Eukaryotic Microbes Flashcards
Learn vocabulary and concepts associated with microbes and endosymbiosis
Nucleus
Contains DNA
Decoupled transcription and translation in eukaryotic cells
Mitochondrion
Membrane-bound organelles that generate cell energy ATP
Chloroplast
Organelle that does photosynthesis with chlorophyll
Unicellular
A single celled organism
Colonial
Incomplete cytokinesis
Cells remain attached
Individual reproduction
Multicellular
Division of labor
Needing more energy
Equal Splitting
Mitosis followed by cytokinesis
Budding
Outgrowth of a new cell from the surface of an old cell
Multiple Fission
Splitting into more than 2 cells
Spores
Specialized cells that are capable of growing into a new individual
Haplontic
Expansion of the haploid phase with a diploid zygote
Diplontic
Expansion of diploid phase only with haploid gametes
Alternation of generations
Expansion of haploid and diploid through mitosis
Phagocytosis
Eukaryotic cells are able to ingest macroparticles using their cytoskeleton
Archaea use ESP and actin genes
Amoeba
Unicellular eukaryotic microbe that has no definite shape and has amoeboid movement
Endosymbiosis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once bacteria that were consumed
Cyanobacteria
Captured bacteria that formed the chloroplast
(Secondary)
Proteobacteria
Captured bacteria that formed the mitochondria (Primary)
Opisthokonts
Flagellum single and posterior
Unicellular, Multicellular, and Colonial
Dinoflagellates
Marine/Freshwater
Primary producers
Two flagella
Endosymbionts in corals and invertebrates
Apical complex
Non photosynthetic plastid used by apicomplexans to enter host cells (parasites)
Toxoplasmosis
Affects human through cat feces
Two different hosts throughout life cycle
Stramenophiles
2 Flagella
Unicellular, Colonial, and Multicellular
Secondary endosymbiosis plastid
Oomycetes
Water mold
Lost chloroplast
Once classified as fungi
Absorptive heterotroph
Malaria
Mosquito –> Human
Plasmodium falciparum
Apicomplexan
Plasmodial slime mold
Phagocytosis feeding
Form spores on fruiting bodies
Found cool/moist habitat
Multinucleate cell (motile)
Cellular slime mold
Motile cell individual
Phagocytosis
Multicellular fruiting body
Each cell retains own plasma membrane and individuality
Flagellum
A tail that enables many bacteria type organisms movement (swim)
Cilia
Small hairs found on surface of certain cells on bacteria like small organisms that help with movement
Lynn Margulis
Cells of the kingdoms protist, fungi, plants, and animals developed their endosymbiotic organelles from symbiosis with different bacteria lineages
