Fungi

Question 1

How many estimated fungal species?

Answer 1

1.5 - 5 million

Question 2

Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes that acquire nutrition through ________

Answer 2

Absorption

Question 3

Fungi belong to the _____ domain, along with what?

Answer 3

Eukarya domain
Along with animals, protists, plants (not bacteria)

Question 4

Define Heterotrophic
what is an example of something that is not heterotrophic?

Answer 4

Unable to fix carbon
Plants are not heterotrophic, plants fix carbon through photosynthesis

Question 5

Absorptive nutrition:
- fungi release ______ ______ into environment
- enzymes breakdown ______ molecules into _____ molecules that can be absorbed by fungus

Answer 5

• digestive enzymes
  -larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 6

Most fungi grow as _____ and produces spores

Answer 6

Hyphae

Question 7

Define hyphae:
Together a network of hyphae is called the ______

Answer 7

Branching tubes
Mycelium

Question 8

Not all fungi grow as hyphae, some grow as ______ and are dimorphic

Answer 8

Yeasts

Question 9

Hyphae generally grow radially to produce ______ ______

Answer 9

Circular colonies

Question 10

Fungi produce two types of spots, what are they?

Answer 10

-Asexual
-sexual

Question 11

Asexual spores
Produced through _____
-______ reproduction

Answer 11

Mitosis (mitotic spores)
Clinal reproduction

Question 12

Sexual Spores
- either produced through _______ occurs with spores

Answer 12

Meiosis
(Meiotic Spores)

Question 13

Fungi cell walls composed mainly of what two things?

Answer 13

Chitin and b-glucan

Question 14

What does fungi contain in cell membrane

Answer 14

Ergosterol

Question 15

What are 2 examples of poisonous and hallucinogenic mushrooms?

Answer 15

AMANITA phalloides and muscaria

Question 16

What kind of medicines derive from fungi?

Answer 16

• Antibiotics
• Antifungals
• cholesterol lowering agents
• Immune suppressors
• alkaloids

Question 17

What bacterium does penicillin come from?

Answer 17

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 18

Who discovered penicillin?

Answer 18

Alexander Fleming

Question 19

What acid does Aspergillus niger produce?

Answer 19

Citric Acid

Question 20

What are the two types of mycorrhizae?
Where are they found?

Answer 20

ECTOmycorrhizae-found in trees
ENDOmycorrhizae- found in >80% of land plants

Question 21

Mycorrhizal fungi _______ growth of many plants

Answer 21

Improve

Question 22

What are 2 new uses for mycelium?

Answer 22

Renewable
Compostable resources

Question 23

Plant pathogens:
Chestnut blight caused by?
Ergot of Rye caused by?

Answer 23

Cryphonetria parasitica
Claviceps purpurea

Question 24

Animal pathogens:
What is white nose syndrome caused by?
A: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
B : Pseudogymnoascus destructans
C: Claviceos purpea
D: Aspergillus Niger

Answer 24

B : Pseudogymnoascus destructans

Question 25

Very few fungi cause diseases in healthy people
How many species infect people?
Who does it affect?

Answer 25

~300
Infects immunocompromised people

Question 26

To cause disease in humans, fungi need to:
Grow at or above ____° C
Do what three things to human tissue?
Escape the human ______ ______

Answer 26

37°C
Invade, digest, and absorb nutrients from human tissue
Escape human immune system

Question 27

Estimated ______ million deaths per year worldwide due to invasive fungal species

Answer 27

~1.5million

Question 28

Mucosal infections are usually caused by ______ species
They can cause what 2 things?

Answer 28

Candida
Oral thrush and yeast infections