Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the medically important yeasts (and yeast like fungi)?

A

Candida spp
Cryptococcus spp
Pneumocystis spp

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2
Q

What are the medically important superficial fungi?

A

Dermatophytes (Tinea spp, malassezia furfur), aspergillus flavus, and yeast

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3
Q

What are the medically important deep or systemic mycoses?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidiodes imitis

(Almost all have rare potential to become invasive/deep)

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4
Q

What are the medically important opportunistic fungi?

A

Candida spp
Cryptococcus spp
Aspergillus spp
Pneumocystis spp

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5
Q

What are the most common kinds of infections can Candida spp cause?

A

Systemic infections
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Oropharyngeal colonization

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6
Q

Where is Cryptococcus spp usually found?

A

Associated with bird droppings (environmental yeast)

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7
Q

What are predisposing factors for an infection with Cryptococcus spp?

A

Occurs in immnocompromised hosts
-AIDS defining disease
The Vancouver Island Strain can infect immunocompetent hosts

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8
Q

What are predisposing factors for an infection with Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Occurs in immunocompromised hosts

-AIDS defining disease

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9
Q

What would be the findings on a chest X-ray of a lung infection with Pneumocystis jirovecii?

A

Diffuse bilateral infiltrates.

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10
Q

What are the syndromes associated with Aspergillosis spp. infection?

A
Allergic syndromes- Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis, Allergic sinusitis
Colonization and Superficial syndromes
Direct inoculation
Invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis
Tracheobronchitis
Sinusitis
Disseminated Infection
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11
Q

Which class of medically important fungi are referred to as “lid-lifters”?

A

Murmycosis

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12
Q

What group of medically important fungi are classified as contaminant level 3?

A

Dimorphic Fungi (Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Coccidiodomycosis)

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13
Q

What can predispose neonates to Malassezia furfur infection?

A

Administering Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) -> high in lipids

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14
Q

What dimorphic fungi is most commonly contracted through hunting and trapping activities?

A

Blastomycosis

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15
Q

What dimorphic fungi is most commonly contracted through bat or chicken droppings?

A

Histoplasmosis

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16
Q

What dimorphic fungi is most commonly contracted in desert-like environments?

A

Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever)

17
Q

Yeast replicate by which method?

A

Budding

18
Q

Molds replicate by which method?

A

Sexual or asexual spores. The fruiting body is called a conidia

19
Q

The microscopic extensions of a growing mold are called?

A

Hyphae

20
Q

What does an Aspergilloma look like on a chest x-ray?

A

A walled off granuloma with cavitation, similar to that of a TB granuloma.

21
Q

How is a health host infected with Fusarium?

A

Direct traumatic inoculation.

22
Q

What are the clinical infections Fusarium can cause?

A

Keratitis, onychomycosis, endophthalmitis, skin and MSK infections as well as disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients.

23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a Fusarium infection?

A

Fever and myalgias unresponsive to antibacterial antibiotics

Disseminated infections can include skin lesions in 60-80% of cases. These lesions start as papules but become necrotic.

24
Q

Murcormycoses’ hyphae (once established in the lungs) has affinity for _____

A

Blood vessels

25
Q

Murcormycosis infections can be found in what kind of patients?

A

Severely immunocompromised
Diabetes Mellitus
Trauma
Solid organ or hematopoetic transplants

26
Q

What is the manifestation of acute disseminated histoplasmosis?

A

Rapid, debilitating, GI symptoms. bone marrow suppression, hepatospenomegaly.

27
Q

What is the manifestation of chronic disseminated histoplasmosis disease?

A
Sub acute course taking about 10-12 months.
Low-grade fever
Weight loss
weakness
hepatospenomegaly
mild hematological abnormalities
focal disease
28
Q

What is the manifestation of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis disease?

A

Clinically and radiologically resembles TB
granulomatous
Periods of guiescence and sometimes spontaneous cure

29
Q

What are the symptoms of a Blastomyces infection?

A
fever
chills
cough
muscle aches
joint pain
chest pain
30
Q

What is the manifestation of a primary Coccidiomycosis infection?

A

Flu-like symptoms and self limited in 60%

Can form a granuloma indistinguishable to TB

31
Q

What is the incubation period of Coccidiomycosis?

A

10-16 days

32
Q

Ringworm is what category of fungus?

A

Dermatophyte (Tinea spp)

33
Q

What part of the body does tinea infect?

A

It colonizes the stratum corneum

34
Q

How are Tinea spp infections classified?

A
By anatomical location.
Tinea capitis (scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes)
Tinea pedis (foot)
Tinea unguium/onchomycosis (toenails)
Tinea corporis (skin)
Tinea barbae (beard)
Tinea cruris (groin)
Tinea manum (hands)
Tinea versicolor (malassezia furfur)
35
Q

What is the clinical manifesation of Tinea versicolor (malassezia furfur)?

A

Discolouration of skin (loss of pigment)