Cardiology

Question 1

Systolic dysfunction leading to dilated, weak heart

Answer 1

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP)

Question 2

Most common cardiomyopathy (95%)

Answer 2

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP)

Question 3

Dilated cardiomyopathy typical demographic

Answer 3

20-60 years of age, men

Question 4

Most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

Idiopathic/Familial

Question 5

Infectious causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

Viral (most common)

Enteroviruses - Coxsackievirus B, Echovirus

Question 6

Postinfectious causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 6

HIV, Lyme, Parovirus B19, Chagas

Question 7

Toxic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 7

Alcohol abuse, stimulant abuse, antracycline (doxorubicin), radiation

Question 8

Metabolic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

Thyroid disorder, Thiamine/B1 deficiency

Question 9

Dilated cardiomyopathy clinical manifestations

Answer 9

Systolic HF
LHF-dyspnea, fatigue, cough, orthopnea, tachycardia, S3, AF
RHF-peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly, nausea, weight gain, tachycardia

Question 10

LV hypertrophy is 2/2

Answer 10

Systemic HTN

Question 11

Concentric hypertrophy

Answer 11

Increased muscle fiber diameter + shortening

Question 12

Increasing concentric hypertrophy of LVH leads to

Answer 12

Increased back-pressures 2/2 increased volume of muscle fibers

Question 13

LV dilation is 2/2

Answer 13

Increased eccentric muscle fiber length + increased chamber size

Question 14

LV dilation leads to

Answer 14

Mitral valve insufficiency (leaflets cannot function properly)

Question 15

Eccentric hypertrophy

Answer 15

Increased muscle fiber length + decreased diameter

Question 16

Mitral valve insufficiency leads to

Answer 16

LA hypertrophy + increased pressures + volume

Question 17

LA hypertrophy leads to

Answer 17

Increased back pressures and elevated pulmonary pressures

Question 18

Increased pulmonary pressure leads to

Answer 18

Pulmonary vessel congestion

Question 19

Increased pulmonary vessel congestion leads to

Answer 19

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 20

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema typically leads to

Answer 20

RV hypertrophy 2/2 increased back pressures

Question 21

Severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema can lead to

Answer 21

ARDS + death

Question 22

LA hypertrophy sometimes leads to

Answer 22

Atrial fibrillation

Question 23

Atrial fibrillation in LA hypertrophy can lead to

Answer 23

Increased stagnant LA blood vol 2/2 decreased LV stroke vol and increased back pressures

Question 24

Increased stagnant LA blood vol in AF in LA hypertrophy can lead to

Answer 24

Thrombus formation + embolization with resulting infarct / stroke

Question 25

Pulmonary HTN leads to

Answer 25

RV hypertrophy (aka Cor Pulmonale)

Question 26

RV hypertrophy leads to

Answer 26

RA hypertrophy

Question 27

RA hypertrophy leads to

Answer 27

Peripheral venous circulation congestion 2/2 increased back pressures

Question 28

Increased peripheral venous circulation congestion leads to

Answer 28

Hepatosplenomegaly, other end organ damage

Question 29

Peripheral venous congestion also leads to

Answer 29

Peripheral edema-pedal, pretibial, presacral and ultimately anasarca

Question 30

Peripheral venous congestion affects the liver by leading to

Answer 30

Hepatic venous congestion 2/2 increased back pressures

Question 31

Chronic hepatic venous congestion leads to

Answer 31

Nutmeg liver

Question 32

Nutmeg liver leads to

Answer 32

Cardiac cirrhosis

Question 33

Cardiac cirrhosis characterized by

Answer 33

Central cirrhosis