Cardiology Flashcards
Systolic dysfunction leading to dilated, weak heart
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP)
Most common cardiomyopathy (95%)
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP)
Dilated cardiomyopathy typical demographic
20-60 years of age, men
Most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic/Familial
Infectious causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
Viral (most common)
Enteroviruses - Coxsackievirus B, Echovirus
Postinfectious causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
HIV, Lyme, Parovirus B19, Chagas
Toxic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
Alcohol abuse, stimulant abuse, antracycline (doxorubicin), radiation
Metabolic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
Thyroid disorder, Thiamine/B1 deficiency
Dilated cardiomyopathy clinical manifestations
Systolic HF
LHF-dyspnea, fatigue, cough, orthopnea, tachycardia, S3, AF
RHF-peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly, nausea, weight gain, tachycardia
LV hypertrophy is 2/2
Systemic HTN
Concentric hypertrophy
Increased muscle fiber diameter + shortening
Increasing concentric hypertrophy of LVH leads to
Increased back-pressures 2/2 increased volume of muscle fibers
LV dilation is 2/2
Increased eccentric muscle fiber length + increased chamber size
LV dilation leads to
Mitral valve insufficiency (leaflets cannot function properly)
Eccentric hypertrophy
Increased muscle fiber length + decreased diameter
Mitral valve insufficiency leads to
LA hypertrophy + increased pressures + volume
LA hypertrophy leads to
Increased back pressures and elevated pulmonary pressures
Increased pulmonary pressure leads to
Pulmonary vessel congestion
Increased pulmonary vessel congestion leads to
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema typically leads to
RV hypertrophy 2/2 increased back pressures
Severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema can lead to
ARDS + death
LA hypertrophy sometimes leads to
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation in LA hypertrophy can lead to
Increased stagnant LA blood vol 2/2 decreased LV stroke vol and increased back pressures
Increased stagnant LA blood vol in AF in LA hypertrophy can lead to
Thrombus formation + embolization with resulting infarct / stroke
Pulmonary HTN leads to
RV hypertrophy (aka Cor Pulmonale)
RV hypertrophy leads to
RA hypertrophy
RA hypertrophy leads to
Peripheral venous circulation congestion 2/2 increased back pressures
Increased peripheral venous circulation congestion leads to
Hepatosplenomegaly, other end organ damage
Peripheral venous congestion also leads to
Peripheral edema-pedal, pretibial, presacral and ultimately anasarca
Peripheral venous congestion affects the liver by leading to
Hepatic venous congestion 2/2 increased back pressures
Chronic hepatic venous congestion leads to
Nutmeg liver
Nutmeg liver leads to
Cardiac cirrhosis
Cardiac cirrhosis characterized by
Central cirrhosis
