Fungal, worm, protozoa, and prion disease (5)

Question 1

What are characteristics of mycosis and dermatophytosis?

Answer 1

Contagious, close contact, zoönosis

Environmental

Deep in skin and in horn tissue

Typical raised (red) rings of ringworm

Multicellular, mycelium

Trichophyton and Microsporum most well-known

Question 2

What is the difference between an endoparasite and an ectoparasite?

Answer 2

Endoparasites -> organism

Ectoparasites -> organism/host

Question 3

What are the characteristics protozoans?

Answer 3

Unicellular eucaryotes

Reproduction → cysts and trophozoite stage

Parasitic forms as well as mutualistic forms

Question 4

What are the stages of protozoans?

Answer 4

Dormant cysts
*Vegetative stage,mostly for survival
*Very resistant to environmental threats
*Can change into trophozoites

Proliferative stage → Trophozoites
*Active, feeding, multiplying stage
*More stages
*Sexual and asexual multiplication

Question 5

What is antigenic masking?

Answer 5

The ability of a parasite to escape immune detection by covering itself with host antigens.

Question 6

What is blocking serum factors?

Answer 6

Some parasites acquire a coating of antigen- antibody complexes or non-cytotoxic antibodies that blocks the binding of specific antibody or lymphocytes to the parasite surface antigens.

Question 7

What is intracellular location?

Answer 7

Some protozoan parasites protects them from the direct effects of the hostʼs immune response. By concealing the parasite antigens, this strategy delays detection by the immune system.

Question 8

What is antigenic variation?

Answer 8

Some protozoan parasites change their surface antigens during the course of an infection. Parasites carrying the new antigens escape the immune response to the original antigens.

Question 9

What is immune suppression?

Answer 9

Parasitic protozoan infections generally produce some degree of host immune suppression. This reduced immune response may delay detection of antigenic variants. It may also reduce the ability of the immune system to inhibit the growth of and/or to kill parasites.

Question 10

What are the characteristics of equine piroplamosis?

Answer 10

Present in southern and eastern Europe

Transmitted by ticks (indirect transmission)

2 protozoal species may be causative → ehrlichia and babesia