Bacterial diseases (2) Flashcards
What is an infectious disease?
An infectious disease is caused by a pathogen
What are bacteria?
One celled organism
No nucleus (prokaryote)
DNA and RNA
Fast reproduction
Some sexual reproduction
In what type of symbiosis can bacteria live with their host?
Commensalism ->
Two species in which one species obtains food or other benefits from the other without either harming or benefiting the latter.
Mutualism ->
Two different species in which each benefit
Parasitic ->
one is benefitting from the relationship and the other is not.
What shapes do bacteria have?
Cocci (round)
Bacilli (rod)
Vibrio (curved/comma)
Spirilla (spiral)
What metabolism do bacteria have?
Phototrophy or chemotrophy
Aerobic or anaerobic
What defence does the body have against bacteria?
1) First line → a physical barrier.
2) Second line → inflammation → the reaction of the body to the presence of the pathogen (general response, not specific to the pathogen).
3) Third line → humoral immunity → specific immunity for one pathogen: B-cells (create antibodies) and T-cells.
What are symptoms of strangles?
Fever
Nasal discharge
Swollen lymph nodes
Low mortality
Bastard strangles → the lymph nodes will not go open to the outside, but to the inside into the intestinal tract and those animals can die.
How is strangles transmitted?
Direct → nasal secretions
Survival in carriers up to 18 months
Indirect → instruments, people, flies, water
Survival in environment up to 9 weeks
How to prevent strangles?
Direct → quarantine, temperature all horses
Indirect → hygiene
Outbreak control for strangles
Isolation up to 1,5 months after recovering
Take temperature 2x per day
Quarantine new animals
Prevention of strangles
Vaccination
Immunity after infection
