Antibiotics and AMR (3) Flashcards
What are antibiotics?
A drug for the treatment of bacterial infections
What do antibiotics do?
Stop DNA and RNA replication
Disturbing building/construction of bacteria (slow down growth)
What are the type of antibiotic resistance mechanisms?
Inactive antibiotic -> enzymatic destruction
Efflux of antibiotic → pump it out
Protection of the target → antibiotic can not bind or perform
How do bacteria acquire resistance?
Vertically → duplication or mutation
Horizontally -> Transmission of resistance genes by
- Transformation
- Transduction
- Conjugation (the most dangerous one)
Plasmid bound → multi-resistance
Chromosomal
What are the antibiotic rules and monitoring and control
Drug legislation
Producers and sector rules
Logbooks, passports
DD/Y for farm/vet/sector
Antibiotic resistance measured in the lab
What are helminths?
Parasitic worms → digestive system, lungs
Living in and feeding on living host
Multicellular organisms
Bisexual or hermaphrodite (het verschijnsel dat een organisme zowel de mannelijke als de vrouwelijke geslachtsorganen heeft)
Multiple life stages
What type of helminths are there?
Small strongyles
Large strongyles
Ascarids
Lungworm
Tapeworm
How to prevent helminths?
Pasture management
Stable hygiene
Manure checks
Treatment
What treatment products are there for anthelmintcs?
Fenbendazole
Pyrantel
Ivermectin
Praziquantel
What treatment to use for anthelmintics?
In small strongyles → benzimidazoles
In roundworms → ivermectin and moxidectin
How to prevent anthelmintic resistance?
Correct dosage
Treatment only on vet prescription after faecal sampling
Hygiene in the field and stable
What is the cycle of anthelmintics?
Natural population -> Deworming -> Selection -> Next generation
