Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infections > Fungal infections > Flashcards

Fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main Fungal pathogens?

A

Aspergillus
Candida
Cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who is at risk of fungal infection?

A

Immunocompromised patients - Opportunistic pathogens
Patients with chronic illness
Patients in ICU setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are important conditions caused by fungal infections?

A 
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Allergic and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Aspergilloma
Thrush
Candidemia
Meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What fungal species causes thrush?

A

Candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What fungal species causes meningitis?

A

Cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who is at risk of contracting mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A

Antibiotic use
Moist areas
Inhaled steroids
Nenonates <3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does mucocutaneous candidiasis present?

A

Neutropenia
Low CD4+ T-cells
Impaired IL-17 immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes invasive candidiasis?

A

Gut commensal organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are risk factors for invasive candidiasis?

A

Use of broad spectrum antibiotics
Intravascular catheters
Total parenteral nutrition
Abdominal surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is invasive candidiasis diagnosed?

A

Blood cultures or culture from a normally sterile site
Beta-d-glucan - good test to exclude invasive candidiasis
PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is aspergillus transmitted?

A

Sporulation
Hydrophobic conidia
Airborne/inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis classified?

A

Neutropenic
Post transplants
Patient with defects in phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is chronic pulmonary aspergillosis classified?

A

Patients with underlying lung conditions

Duration >3months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is allergic aspergillosis classified?

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in CF and asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are features of acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Rapid and external hyphal growth
Thrombosis and haemorrhage
Angio-invasive and dissemination
Persistent febrile neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is clinical presentation of invasive aspergillosis often seen?

A

Bones
Spine
Brain
Abdominal

17
Q

How is pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosed?

A

Non-neutropenic patients - Sputum cultures, biopsy, Aspegillus specific IgG and IgE
Neutropenic patients - CT chest, molecular markers in blood

18
Q

How is cryptococcus transmitted?

A

Inhalation

19
Q

What is clinical presentation of cryptococcal meningitis?

A 
Headache
Confusion
Altered behaviour
Visual disturbances
Coma
20
Q

How is cryptococcal disease diagnosed?

A 
Indian ink preparation
CSF culture
High protein and low glucose in CSF
Cryptococcus antigen
Blood culture
21
Q

What are factors associated with mortality in cryptococcal meningitis?

A 
Delay in presentation and diagnosis
Lack of access to antifungals
Inadequate induction therapy
Delays in starting antiretroviral therapy
Immune reconstitution syndrome
22
Q

What antifungals are used to treat invasive fungal infections?

A

Amphotericin B
Azoles
Echinocandins
Flucytosine

Infections (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions