Fungal Infections Flashcards
Which form of Candida albicans is a pathogen?
Hyphal form
What are the two forms of Candida albicans?
Yeast - commensal
Hyphal - pathogen
Which three factors determine whether candidiasis develops and to what severity?
- Host immune status
- Oral mucosal environment
- Virulence of candida strain
What are the three presentations of oral candidiasis?
- Pseudomembranous candidiasis
- Erythematous candidiasis
- Hyperplastic candidiasis
Which presentation of candidiasis is also known as “thrush”?
Pseudomembranous candidiasis
T/F: Pseudomembranous candidiasis appears as a white cottage cheese like plaque that cannot be wiped off.
FALSE
Can be wiped off
What is the most common site for erythematous candidiasis?
Tongue
Which type of candidiasis may be seen after using broad-spectrum antibiotics?
Acute strophic candidiasis
T/F: Acute atrophic candidiasis is typically asymptomatic.
False
Acute atrophic candidiasis- burning sensation
Central papillary atrophy - asymptomatic
Which form of candidiasis is the most common?
Erythematous
___________ is typically seen as an erythema of the palatal denture-bearing area.
Denture stomatitis
Where is the majority of the candida found in a patient with denture stomatitis?
On the denture
A patient presents with erythematous, cracking corners of the mouth? What is the diagnosis?
Angular Cheilitis
Often candida but may have some bacteria
Patient presents with redness around the entirety of the mouth/lips. Patient licks her lips and uses chapstick often. Diagnosis?
Perioral candidiasis
What are the major characteristics of chronic multifocal candidiasis?
Angular cheilitis, central papillary atrophy, and a kissing lesion of the posterior hard palate
_____________ is also known as candidal leukoplakia.
Hyperplastic candidiasis
T/F: Hyperplastic candidiasis presents as a white patch that cannot be rubbed off.
True
A patient presents with leukoplakia. After taking antifungal therapy the white plaque does not dissapear. What is the diagnosis?
Candidiasis superimposed on top of leukoplakia
**Not hyperplastic candidiasis
T/F: Invasive candidiasis is commonly seen amongst patients.
False
Very rare; seen more in uncontrolled diabetes or immune suppression
What is normally required to treat a life-threatening candidiasis infection?
IV amphotericin B
____________ is a topical lozenge that can be used as to treat superficial candidiasis.
Clotrimazole
What is the typical dosing schedule for clotrimazole?
5 lozenges/day for 10 days
___________ is often used to soak RPD in for denture stomatitis.
Nystatin
T/F: Fluconazole is an antifungal that is readily absorbed systemically.
True
No side effects; can be drug interactions
What are two antifungal creams that can be used to treat angular cheilitis or perioral candidiasis?
- Mycolog II
2. Vytone
Which form of histoplasmosis often produces oral lesions?
Disseminated
Oral lesions from ____________ present as chronic painful ulcer or granular erythematous plaque. Often found on tongue, palate or buccal mucosa. Can be identical to malignancy.
Histoplasmosis
T/F: Disseminated histoplasmosis has a fair prognosis.
False
Poor - mortality of 90% if untreated; 7-23% if treated
Which fungal infection is endemic to the desert southwest U.S.?
Coccidioidomycosis
Which fungal infection is caused by an organism that lives in pigeon droppings and normally affects immunosuppressed patients?
Cryptococcosis
T/F: Oral lesions are common with cryptococcosis.
False
Which fungus will present histopathologically with a 4-6 micron yeast in a clear halo?
Cryptococcosis
___________ will cause nasal obstruction, bloody nasal discharge and will eventually spread to the brain.
Zygomycosis
What fungal infection is second in frequency to candidiasis?
Aspergillosis
T/F: Aspergillosis hyphae will show septations in histopathologic findings.
True
Aspergillosis - septations
Zygomycosis - no septations
Which antifungal is used in life-threatening cases?
IV Amphotericin B
Side effect - nephrotoxicity
