Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FA17 Infectious Disease > Fungal Dz Jill > Flashcards

Fungal Dz Jill Flashcards

1
Q

Toxoplasmosis infectious agent

A

protozoa

toxoplasma gondii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Toxoplasmosis transmission

A
  1. ingestion of meat containing cysts or contaminated fruit/veggies/water
  2. ingestion of cat feces or contaminated soil
  3. vertical
  4. organ transplant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Toxoplasmosis cycle

A

completes reproductive cycle in a cat

cat excretes oocytes in feces

animal or human ingests oocytes

organisms invades epithelium

live nucleated cell until patient is immunocompressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

immunocompetent Toxoplasmosis

A

resemble EBV and CMV

mild fevers, chills, sweats

cervical lymphadenopathy

mylagias/arthralgias, HA, sore throat, chorioretinitis*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Toxoplasmosis recovery (immunocompetent)

A

spontaneous

about 2-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Toxoplasmosis immunocompromised pts

A

flu like symptoms + CNS involvement (seizure, balance change)

abrupt or subacute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

congenital Toxoplasmosis risk assessment

A

15% risk of infection in first trimester

30% in second

60% in third

severity of symptoms decrease as pregnancy continues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

s/s of congential Toxoplasmosis

A

retinochorionitits

intracranial calcification

hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

treatment Toxoplasmosis

A

immunocompetent - usually treated unless disease

ocular treated by ophthalmologist

may be reactivated in patients who are immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

histoplasmosis infectious agent

A

histoplasmosis capsulatum

fungus

found in solid with bird or bat droppings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

histoplasmosis geographical prevalence

A

Mississippi and Ohio river valleys

histoplasmosis can be found worldwide in temperature climates with most, rich organic soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

histoplasmosis transmission

A

infection by inhalation of fungal spores

contaminated soil may remain infectious for years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

histoplasmosis pathophysiology

A

inhaled pulmonary macrophages will ingest fungus but don’t kill

delayed hypersensitivity reaction occurs once t lymphocytes develop

immunocompetent - caseating granuloma

immunosuppressed - spread hematogenously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

histoplasmosis asymptomatic symptoms

A

immunocompetent

most never have symptoms

10% develop flu like illness (1-4 wks that clear)

+/- calcifications on CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acute histoplasmosis

A

fever and severe weakness

few pulmonary symptoms

diffuse pneumonia on CXR

ill for weeks to months, but not fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chronic progressive histoplasmosis

A

older patients with COPD

apical cavitary lesions, productive cough, dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

progressive disseminated histoplasmosis

A

occurs in immunocompromised (AIDS, infants, steroids)

dyspnea and weight loss

altered mental status, ulcerative lesions (mucous membranes and viscera)

fatal in weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when to suspect histoplasmosis?

A

pneumonia with lymphadenopathy

cavitary lung disease (tb -)

pulmonary manifestations with arthritis or arthralgia

erythema nodosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

histoplasmosis diagnostic testing

A

disseminated disease: pancytopenia, LFT, abnormalities

dx made with complement fixation Ab titer or serum/urine antigen detection assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Coccidiomycosis geographical location

A

dessert southwest, mexico and central/south america

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coccidiomycosis transmission

A

infection occurs via inhalation of spores (can be by minimal exposure)

most often in summer or lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Coccidiomycosis primary

A

60-70% subclinical

10-30 day s following exposure

presents as CAP (respiratory, joint, erythema multiform and erythema nodosum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Coccidiomycosis disseminated

A

hematogenous spread (rapid and fatal) so any organ is involved

fungemia, rapid death, respiratory (cough, sputum, empyema), abscess and cavitary lesions, fungal meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Coccidiomycosis diagnostic test

A

IgM or IgG serology (not ideal)

PCR on biopsy of lesion (DX of choice)

body fluid culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Coccidiomycosis treatment
supportive for mild disease disseminated: amphotericin B (severe), itraconazole or fluconazole for 6 months - year surgery for empyema, caviations, abscesses
26
opportunities for candida to become pathogenic
antibiotics immunosuppression uncontrolled DM
27
Skin candida presentation
eruption over trunk, thorax, extremities (uncommon) intertrigo (skin folds) where heat and moisture reddened lesion that form vesiclopustules maceration (prune looking fingers)
28
oropharyngeal candidiasis
AKA thrush pain, thick white plaque on oral mucousa when scraped causes reddened erosion
29
esophageal candidiasis
odynophagia (painful swallowing) can result in weight loss concomitant thrush
30
candida in bloodstream
endocarditis (posible with fungemia) difficult to diagnose due to difficulty isolation of fungus change or remove invasive catheters
31
urinary tract candida
vaginal involvement itching and burning pain with urination
32
treatment of skin candida
topical nystatin clotrimazole or miconazole
33
oropharyngeal candida treatment
nystatin swish +/- spit clotrimazole
34
esophagus candida treatment
systemic fluconazole can use itraconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin or micafungin
35
blood candida treatment
w/p neutropenia: flucaonzole neutropenia: micafungin, anidulafungin, caspofungin
36
urinary tract candida treatment
diflucan (only when urinary candida is persistent and symptomatic)
37
why can't oral ketoconazole be used?
no longer used for first line bc risk of liver damage topical preps are oka
38
four types of aspergillosis
1. allergic bronchopulmonary 2. sinusitis 3. chronic necrotizing pulmonary 4. invasive
39
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis findings
cough, eosinophilia, pulmonary infiltrates heavy mucous production -- atelectasis leads to bronchiectasis/fibrosis itraconazole and steroids (stop allergic rxn)
40
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis population most likely to get it
asthmatics and patients with CF
41
sinusitis or aspergillosis
fungus ball in lungs hemoptysis (bloody mucous) requires surgical and anti fungal tx
42
sinusitis aspergillosis population
sinus surgery or pulmonary vavitaitons
43
chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis
subacute pneumonia unresponsive to Abx progresses and cavititates fever, cough, night sweats, weight loss
44
chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis population
its with underlying disease i.e. steroid dependent COPD or alcoholism
45
invasive aspergillosis
fever, dyspnea, cough, pleuritic CP, hemoptysis tracheobronchitis and necrotizing pneumonia w/ hematogenous spread to organs (CNS)
46
invasiv aspergillosis population
severe immunodeficient
47
Cryptococcosis geography
encapsulated yeast found world wide in soil
48
Cryptococcosis transmission
inhalation of spores
49
Cryptococcosis patients at risk
HIV/AIDS solid organ transplants
50
Cryptococcosis pathophysiology
capsule with anti-phagocytic properties block recognition by WBCs to inhibit leukocyte migration
51
Cryptococcosis immunosuppressed manifestations
fever, cough, pain, ARDS (cavitation and hilarious LAD uncommon) progressive menintitis/encephalitits, cyrptoccoma (blurred vision, photophobia) can go to skin, bone, prostate, and eyes
52
Cryptococcosis diagnostic testing
Cryptococcal capsular antigen testing CSF (to show the meningitis)
53
Cryptococcosis treatment
amphotercin B
54
forms of mycobacterium avian complex (MAC)
1. fibrocavitary form 2. fibronodular 3. disseminated BACTERIAL disease
55
population of fibrocavitary MAC
elderly MALE smokers w/chronic pulmonary symptoms
56
fibrocavitary MAC presentation
variable cough, fatigue, malaise, weakness, chest discomfort chronically ill, development of exacerbations
57
Fibronodular MAC population
non-smoking WOMEN, no underlying lung disease
58
Fibronodular MAC symptoms
similar to fibrocavitary all infected patients have similar body types
59
disseminated MAC population
AIDS and/or lymphoma w/CD4 counts less than 50 cells
60
disseminated MAC symptoms
ill bacteremia and present with fever of unknown origin, sweats, weight loss, dyspnea and RUQ
61
diagnostic work up disseminated MAC
blood, sputum and urine cultures biopsy of cutaneous lesions
62
MAC treatments
calrithromycin (Biaxin) or azithromycin (Zithromax) Rifampin Ethambutol antivirals until CD4 counts >100

FA17 Infectious Disease (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions