Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FA17 Infectious Disease > Fungal Dz Jill > Flashcards

Fungal Dz Jill Flashcards

1
Q

Toxoplasmosis infectious agent

A

protozoa

toxoplasma gondii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Toxoplasmosis transmission

A
  1. ingestion of meat containing cysts or contaminated fruit/veggies/water
  2. ingestion of cat feces or contaminated soil
  3. vertical
  4. organ transplant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Toxoplasmosis cycle

A

completes reproductive cycle in a cat

cat excretes oocytes in feces

animal or human ingests oocytes

organisms invades epithelium

live nucleated cell until patient is immunocompressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

immunocompetent Toxoplasmosis

A

resemble EBV and CMV

mild fevers, chills, sweats

cervical lymphadenopathy

mylagias/arthralgias, HA, sore throat, chorioretinitis*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Toxoplasmosis recovery (immunocompetent)

A

spontaneous

about 2-3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Toxoplasmosis immunocompromised pts

A

flu like symptoms + CNS involvement (seizure, balance change)

abrupt or subacute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

congenital Toxoplasmosis risk assessment

A

15% risk of infection in first trimester

30% in second

60% in third

severity of symptoms decrease as pregnancy continues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

s/s of congential Toxoplasmosis

A

retinochorionitits

intracranial calcification

hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

treatment Toxoplasmosis

A

immunocompetent - usually treated unless disease

ocular treated by ophthalmologist

may be reactivated in patients who are immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

histoplasmosis infectious agent

A

histoplasmosis capsulatum

fungus

found in solid with bird or bat droppings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

histoplasmosis geographical prevalence

A

Mississippi and Ohio river valleys

histoplasmosis can be found worldwide in temperature climates with most, rich organic soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

histoplasmosis transmission

A

infection by inhalation of fungal spores

contaminated soil may remain infectious for years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

histoplasmosis pathophysiology

A

inhaled pulmonary macrophages will ingest fungus but don’t kill

delayed hypersensitivity reaction occurs once t lymphocytes develop

immunocompetent - caseating granuloma

immunosuppressed - spread hematogenously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

histoplasmosis asymptomatic symptoms

A

immunocompetent

most never have symptoms

10% develop flu like illness (1-4 wks that clear)

+/- calcifications on CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acute histoplasmosis

A

fever and severe weakness

few pulmonary symptoms

diffuse pneumonia on CXR

ill for weeks to months, but not fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

chronic progressive histoplasmosis

A

older patients with COPD

apical cavitary lesions, productive cough, dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

progressive disseminated histoplasmosis

A

occurs in immunocompromised (AIDS, infants, steroids)

dyspnea and weight loss

altered mental status, ulcerative lesions (mucous membranes and viscera)

fatal in weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when to suspect histoplasmosis?

A

pneumonia with lymphadenopathy

cavitary lung disease (tb -)

pulmonary manifestations with arthritis or arthralgia

erythema nodosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

histoplasmosis diagnostic testing

A

disseminated disease: pancytopenia, LFT, abnormalities

dx made with complement fixation Ab titer or serum/urine antigen detection assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Coccidiomycosis geographical location

A

dessert southwest, mexico and central/south america

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coccidiomycosis transmission

A

infection occurs via inhalation of spores (can be by minimal exposure)

most often in summer or lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Coccidiomycosis primary

A

60-70% subclinical

10-30 day s following exposure

presents as CAP (respiratory, joint, erythema multiform and erythema nodosum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Coccidiomycosis disseminated

A

hematogenous spread (rapid and fatal) so any organ is involved

fungemia, rapid death, respiratory (cough, sputum, empyema), abscess and cavitary lesions, fungal meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Coccidiomycosis diagnostic test

A

IgM or IgG serology (not ideal)

PCR on biopsy of lesion (DX of choice)

body fluid culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Coccidiomycosis treatment

A

supportive for mild disease

disseminated: amphotericin B (severe), itraconazole or fluconazole for 6 months - year

surgery for empyema, caviations, abscesses

26
Q

opportunities for candida to become pathogenic

A

antibiotics
immunosuppression
uncontrolled DM

27
Q

Skin candida presentation

A

eruption over trunk, thorax, extremities (uncommon)

intertrigo (skin folds) where heat and moisture reddened lesion that form vesiclopustules

maceration (prune looking fingers)

28
Q

oropharyngeal candidiasis

A

AKA thrush

pain, thick white plaque on oral mucousa

when scraped causes reddened erosion

29
Q

esophageal candidiasis

A

odynophagia (painful swallowing)

can result in weight loss

concomitant thrush

30
Q

candida in bloodstream

A

endocarditis (posible with fungemia)

difficult to diagnose due to difficulty isolation of fungus

change or remove invasive catheters

31
Q

urinary tract candida

A

vaginal involvement

itching and burning

pain with urination

32
Q

treatment of skin candida

A

topical nystatin

clotrimazole or miconazole

33
Q

oropharyngeal candida treatment

A

nystatin swish +/- spit

clotrimazole

34
Q

esophagus candida treatment

A

systemic fluconazole

can use itraconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin or micafungin

35
Q

blood candida treatment

A

w/p neutropenia: flucaonzole

neutropenia: micafungin, anidulafungin, caspofungin

36
Q

urinary tract candida treatment

A

diflucan (only when urinary candida is persistent and symptomatic)

37
Q

why can’t oral ketoconazole be used?

A

no longer used for first line bc risk of liver damage

topical preps are oka

38
Q

four types of aspergillosis

A
  1. allergic bronchopulmonary
  2. sinusitis
  3. chronic necrotizing pulmonary
  4. invasive
39
Q

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

findings

A

cough, eosinophilia, pulmonary infiltrates

heavy mucous production – atelectasis

leads to bronchiectasis/fibrosis

itraconazole and steroids (stop allergic rxn)

40
Q

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

population most likely to get it

A

asthmatics and patients with CF

41
Q

sinusitis or aspergillosis

A

fungus ball in lungs

hemoptysis (bloody mucous)

requires surgical and anti fungal tx

42
Q

sinusitis aspergillosis population

A

sinus surgery or pulmonary vavitaitons

43
Q

chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis

A

subacute pneumonia unresponsive to Abx

progresses and cavititates

fever, cough, night sweats, weight loss

44
Q

chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis population

A

its with underlying disease

i.e. steroid dependent COPD or alcoholism

45
Q

invasive aspergillosis

A

fever, dyspnea, cough, pleuritic CP, hemoptysis

tracheobronchitis and necrotizing pneumonia w/ hematogenous spread to organs (CNS)

46
Q

invasiv aspergillosis population

A

severe immunodeficient

47
Q

Cryptococcosis geography

A

encapsulated yeast found world wide in soil

48
Q

Cryptococcosis transmission

A

inhalation of spores

49
Q

Cryptococcosis patients at risk

A

HIV/AIDS

solid organ transplants

50
Q

Cryptococcosis pathophysiology

A

capsule with anti-phagocytic properties

block recognition by WBCs to inhibit leukocyte migration

51
Q

Cryptococcosis immunosuppressed manifestations

A

fever, cough, pain, ARDS (cavitation and hilarious LAD uncommon)

progressive menintitis/encephalitits, cyrptoccoma (blurred vision, photophobia)

can go to skin, bone, prostate, and eyes

52
Q

Cryptococcosis diagnostic testing

A

Cryptococcal capsular antigen testing

CSF (to show the meningitis)

53
Q

Cryptococcosis treatment

A

amphotercin B

54
Q

forms of mycobacterium avian complex (MAC)

A
  1. fibrocavitary form
  2. fibronodular
  3. disseminated

BACTERIAL disease

55
Q

population of fibrocavitary MAC

A

elderly MALE smokers w/chronic pulmonary symptoms

56
Q

fibrocavitary MAC presentation

A

variable

cough, fatigue, malaise, weakness, chest discomfort

chronically ill, development of exacerbations

57
Q

Fibronodular MAC population

A

non-smoking WOMEN, no underlying lung disease

58
Q

Fibronodular MAC symptoms

A

similar to fibrocavitary

all infected patients have similar body types

59
Q

disseminated MAC population

A

AIDS and/or lymphoma w/CD4 counts less than 50 cells

60
Q

disseminated MAC symptoms

A

ill

bacteremia and present with fever of unknown origin, sweats, weight loss, dyspnea and RUQ

61
Q

diagnostic work up disseminated MAC

A

blood, sputum and urine cultures

biopsy of cutaneous lesions

62
Q

MAC treatments

A

calrithromycin (Biaxin) or azithromycin (Zithromax)

Rifampin

Ethambutol

antivirals until CD4 counts >100

FA17 Infectious Disease (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions