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Micro Test 5 > Fungal CNS > Flashcards

Fungal CNS Flashcards

1
Q

How is it Crytococcosis trasnmissed?

A

Pigeon droppings from the soil.

Inhalation.

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2
Q

How does Cryptococcosis present?

A

As a respiratory disease or CNS infection.

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3
Q

What is the most severe effect of Cryptococcosis?

A

Cerebromeningeal disease.

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4
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of Cyrptococcosis?

A

1) Heavily encapsulated: avoid phagocytosis.
2) Melanin in cell wall act as an Antioxidant.
3) Mannitol inhibits PMN killing.

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5
Q

What is the Treatment of Cryptococcal meningitis?

What happens if not Treated?

A

Amphotericin B and Fluconazole.

It is fatal.

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6
Q

Candida will infect BOTH the ____ & _____.

A

Meninges and parenchymal brain tissue.

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7
Q

Most disseminated infections of Candidiasis are _______ infections.

A

Nosocomial.

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8
Q

Is Aspergillus or Mucormycosis septate?

A

Aspergillus is Spetate.

Mucormycosis is nonseptate.

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9
Q

What are the risk factors for disseminated disease of Aspergillosis?

A

Neutropenia, Chemotherapy, Corticosteroids.

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10
Q

What is the fungal pathogen that infects surgical wounds, but also enters via the lungs?

A

Aspergillosis.

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11
Q

Aspergillus has conidiophores? True or false

A

True

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12
Q

What fungal pathogen is commonly seen in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Mucromycosis.

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13
Q

What is the fruiting body of Mucormycosis?

A

Sporangiospore.

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14
Q

Infection of this site leads to spread to the brain with Mucormycosis.

A

Nasal mucosa.

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15
Q

What can Mucormycosis cause?

A

Thrombosis and cerebral infarction.

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16
Q

What is the facultative environmental protozoan that is normally contracted while SWIMMING?

A

Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.

naegleria fowleria

17
Q

What are the 3 morphologies of PAM?

A

Flagellated trophozoites (infective stage); amoeboid form (migrates); uninucleat cyst.

18
Q

How does PAM reach the Brain?

A

Enters the Nasal passage than migrates along the olfactory nerve to the brain.

19
Q

How soon can a patient show acute meningoencephalits in PAM? and what are the S/S’s?

A

Within 5 days.

Fever, headache, anorexia, anisocoria, CNS inflammation.
CSF may be bloody.

20
Q

What morphology is identified in tissue sections?

A

Trophs

21
Q

What is the treatment of PAM?

A

Amphotericin B, miconazole, rifampin.

22
Q

In Acanthamoebiasis what is the infective stage & what is the resistant stage.

A

Trophozoite = infective

Cystic= resistant stage.

23
Q

What does PAM destroy?

A

Brain parenchyma

24
Q

What route does Acanthamoebiasis take to the brain?

A

Hematogenous route.

25
Q

How soon can death occur in Acanthamoebiasis occur?

A

within 10 days.

26
Q

What does Acanthamoebiasis cause in the parenchyma of the brain?

A

Edema.

27
Q

How does Acanthamoebiasis cause Ocular acanthamoebiasis keratitis?

A

Traumatic inoculation of dirt.

28
Q

What is the treatment of Acanthamoebiasis meningoencephalits?

Treatment of Acanthamoebiasis Keratitis?

A

Pentamidine and Ketoconazole.

Oral itraconazole and Topical miconazole.

29
Q

What are the following Morphologies of Toxoplasma gondii associated with?

Tachyzoite
Bradyzoite
Zoitocyst
Oocyst

A

Acute
Chronic
Contains bradyzoites
In cat feces

30
Q

What are the 2 infective stages of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Zoitocyst and Oocyst

31
Q

What Toxoplasma life cycle is found in Human?

What life cycle is from cats?
What life cycle is from meat?

A

Trophs

Oocyst

Trophs.

32
Q

What cells do Tachyzoites target?

Where do Cysts form in?

What other disease does Toxoplasma resemble?

Where would you find disseminated disease in?

A

Parenchymal

Muscle and brain tissue

Mono

HIV patients.

33
Q

Toxoplasmosis of a mother will be________?

However the fetus?

A

Unremarkable. However the fetal damaged from primary infection.

34
Q

Severe congenital infections of toxoplasmosis can cause?

A

Hydrocephalus
Mental retardation
Cerebral calcification
Chorioretinitis

35
Q

What is the DOC for toxoplasma infection?

A

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine

36
Q

What is the complication of Candida in neonats?

A

Hydrocephaly.

37
Q

Is Cavitation in the lungs likely to occur in a Cryptococcosis infection?

A

NO

38
Q

Who is mostly likely to get infected with Aspergillus?

A

Immunosuppressed patients.

39
Q

Why does Crytpcoccosis appear as a halo in India Ink?

A

It has a prominent polysaccharide capsule.

Micro Test 5 (7 decks)

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