Fungal CNS

Question 1

How is it Crytococcosis trasnmissed?

Answer 1

Pigeon droppings from the soil.

Inhalation.

Question 2

How does Cryptococcosis present?

Answer 2

As a respiratory disease or CNS infection.

Question 3

What is the most severe effect of Cryptococcosis?

Answer 3

Cerebromeningeal disease.

Question 4

What are the 3 virulence factors of Cyrptococcosis?

Answer 4

1) Heavily encapsulated: avoid phagocytosis.
2) Melanin in cell wall act as an Antioxidant.
3) Mannitol inhibits PMN killing.

Question 5

What is the Treatment of Cryptococcal meningitis?

What happens if not Treated?

Answer 5

Amphotericin B and Fluconazole.

It is fatal.

Question 6

Candida will infect BOTH the ____ & _____.

Answer 6

Meninges and parenchymal brain tissue.

Question 7

Most disseminated infections of Candidiasis are _______ infections.

Answer 7

Nosocomial.

Question 8

Is Aspergillus or Mucormycosis septate?

Answer 8

Aspergillus is Spetate.

Mucormycosis is nonseptate.

Question 9

What are the risk factors for disseminated disease of Aspergillosis?

Answer 9

Neutropenia, Chemotherapy, Corticosteroids.

Question 10

What is the fungal pathogen that infects surgical wounds, but also enters via the lungs?

Answer 10

Aspergillosis.

Question 11

Aspergillus has conidiophores? True or false

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What fungal pathogen is commonly seen in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 12

Mucromycosis.

Question 13

What is the fruiting body of Mucormycosis?

Answer 13

Sporangiospore.

Question 14

Infection of this site leads to spread to the brain with Mucormycosis.

Answer 14

Nasal mucosa.

Question 15

What can Mucormycosis cause?

Answer 15

Thrombosis and cerebral infarction.

Question 16

What is the facultative environmental protozoan that is normally contracted while SWIMMING?

Answer 16

Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.

naegleria fowleria

Question 17

What are the 3 morphologies of PAM?

Answer 17

Flagellated trophozoites (infective stage); amoeboid form (migrates); uninucleat cyst.

Question 18

How does PAM reach the Brain?

Answer 18

Enters the Nasal passage than migrates along the olfactory nerve to the brain.

Question 19

How soon can a patient show acute meningoencephalits in PAM? and what are the S/S’s?

Answer 19

Within 5 days.

Fever, headache, anorexia, anisocoria, CNS inflammation.
CSF may be bloody.

Question 20

What morphology is identified in tissue sections?

Answer 20

Trophs

Question 21

What is the treatment of PAM?

Answer 21

Amphotericin B, miconazole, rifampin.

Question 22

In Acanthamoebiasis what is the infective stage & what is the resistant stage.

Answer 22

Trophozoite = infective

Cystic= resistant stage.

Question 23

What does PAM destroy?

Answer 23

Brain parenchyma

Question 24

What route does Acanthamoebiasis take to the brain?

Answer 24

Hematogenous route.

Question 25

How soon can death occur in Acanthamoebiasis occur?

Answer 25

within 10 days.

Question 26

What does Acanthamoebiasis cause in the parenchyma of the brain?

Answer 26

Edema.

Question 27

How does Acanthamoebiasis cause Ocular acanthamoebiasis keratitis?

Answer 27

Traumatic inoculation of dirt.

Question 28

What is the treatment of Acanthamoebiasis meningoencephalits? Treatment of Acanthamoebiasis Keratitis?

Answer 28

Pentamidine and Ketoconazole. Oral itraconazole and Topical miconazole.

Question 29

What are the following Morphologies of Toxoplasma gondii associated with? Tachyzoite Bradyzoite Zoitocyst Oocyst

Answer 29

Acute Chronic Contains bradyzoites In cat feces

Question 30

What are the 2 infective stages of Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 30

Zoitocyst and Oocyst

Question 31

What Toxoplasma life cycle is found in Human? What life cycle is from cats? What life cycle is from meat?

Answer 31

Trophs Oocyst Trophs.

Question 32

What cells do Tachyzoites target? Where do Cysts form in? What other disease does Toxoplasma resemble? Where would you find disseminated disease in?

Answer 32

Parenchymal Muscle and brain tissue Mono HIV patients.

Question 33

Toxoplasmosis of a mother will be________? | However the fetus?

Answer 33

Unremarkable. However the fetal damaged from primary infection.

Question 34

Severe congenital infections of toxoplasmosis can cause?

Answer 34

Hydrocephalus Mental retardation Cerebral calcification Chorioretinitis

Question 35

What is the DOC for toxoplasma infection?

Answer 35

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine

Question 36

What is the complication of Candida in neonats?

Answer 36

Hydrocephaly.

Question 37

Is Cavitation in the lungs likely to occur in a Cryptococcosis infection?

Answer 37

NO

Question 38

Who is mostly likely to get infected with Aspergillus?

Answer 38

Immunosuppressed patients.

Question 39

Why does Crytpcoccosis appear as a halo in India Ink?

Answer 39

It has a prominent polysaccharide capsule.