Fungal CNS Flashcards
How is it Crytococcosis trasnmissed?
Pigeon droppings from the soil.
Inhalation.
How does Cryptococcosis present?
As a respiratory disease or CNS infection.
What is the most severe effect of Cryptococcosis?
Cerebromeningeal disease.
What are the 3 virulence factors of Cyrptococcosis?
1) Heavily encapsulated: avoid phagocytosis.
2) Melanin in cell wall act as an Antioxidant.
3) Mannitol inhibits PMN killing.
What is the Treatment of Cryptococcal meningitis?
What happens if not Treated?
Amphotericin B and Fluconazole.
It is fatal.
Candida will infect BOTH the ____ & _____.
Meninges and parenchymal brain tissue.
Most disseminated infections of Candidiasis are _______ infections.
Nosocomial.
Is Aspergillus or Mucormycosis septate?
Aspergillus is Spetate.
Mucormycosis is nonseptate.
What are the risk factors for disseminated disease of Aspergillosis?
Neutropenia, Chemotherapy, Corticosteroids.
What is the fungal pathogen that infects surgical wounds, but also enters via the lungs?
Aspergillosis.
Aspergillus has conidiophores? True or false
True
What fungal pathogen is commonly seen in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Mucromycosis.
What is the fruiting body of Mucormycosis?
Sporangiospore.
Infection of this site leads to spread to the brain with Mucormycosis.
Nasal mucosa.
What can Mucormycosis cause?
Thrombosis and cerebral infarction.
What is the facultative environmental protozoan that is normally contracted while SWIMMING?
Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.
naegleria fowleria
What are the 3 morphologies of PAM?
Flagellated trophozoites (infective stage); amoeboid form (migrates); uninucleat cyst.
How does PAM reach the Brain?
Enters the Nasal passage than migrates along the olfactory nerve to the brain.
How soon can a patient show acute meningoencephalits in PAM? and what are the S/S’s?
Within 5 days.
Fever, headache, anorexia, anisocoria, CNS inflammation.
CSF may be bloody.
What morphology is identified in tissue sections?
Trophs
What is the treatment of PAM?
Amphotericin B, miconazole, rifampin.
In Acanthamoebiasis what is the infective stage & what is the resistant stage.
Trophozoite = infective
Cystic= resistant stage.
What does PAM destroy?
Brain parenchyma
What route does Acanthamoebiasis take to the brain?
Hematogenous route.
How soon can death occur in Acanthamoebiasis occur?
within 10 days.
What does Acanthamoebiasis cause in the parenchyma of the brain?
Edema.
How does Acanthamoebiasis cause Ocular acanthamoebiasis keratitis?
Traumatic inoculation of dirt.
What is the treatment of Acanthamoebiasis meningoencephalits?
Treatment of Acanthamoebiasis Keratitis?
Pentamidine and Ketoconazole.
Oral itraconazole and Topical miconazole.
What are the following Morphologies of Toxoplasma gondii associated with?
Tachyzoite
Bradyzoite
Zoitocyst
Oocyst
Acute
Chronic
Contains bradyzoites
In cat feces
What are the 2 infective stages of Toxoplasma gondii?
Zoitocyst and Oocyst
What Toxoplasma life cycle is found in Human?
What life cycle is from cats?
What life cycle is from meat?
Trophs
Oocyst
Trophs.
What cells do Tachyzoites target?
Where do Cysts form in?
What other disease does Toxoplasma resemble?
Where would you find disseminated disease in?
Parenchymal
Muscle and brain tissue
Mono
HIV patients.
Toxoplasmosis of a mother will be________?
However the fetus?
Unremarkable. However the fetal damaged from primary infection.
Severe congenital infections of toxoplasmosis can cause?
Hydrocephalus
Mental retardation
Cerebral calcification
Chorioretinitis
What is the DOC for toxoplasma infection?
Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine
What is the complication of Candida in neonats?
Hydrocephaly.
Is Cavitation in the lungs likely to occur in a Cryptococcosis infection?
NO
Who is mostly likely to get infected with Aspergillus?
Immunosuppressed patients.
Why does Crytpcoccosis appear as a halo in India Ink?
It has a prominent polysaccharide capsule.
