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Opto Prac > Fundus Anomalies (Optic Nerve) > Flashcards

Fundus Anomalies (Optic Nerve) Flashcards

1
Q

general term to describe degeneration, demyelinization, inflammation or infection of optic nerve

A

Optic Neuritis

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2
Q

Intraocular optic neuritis

A

Papillitis

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2
Q

optic nerve head is involved & there are visible changes in the disk

A

Papillitis

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2
Q

Two types of Optic Neuritis

A

Papillitis (intraocular optic neuritis) & Retrobulbar neuritis (orbital optic neuritis)

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3
Q

Orbital optic neuritis

A

Retrobulbar Neuritis

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4
Q

great disturbance of vision & usually unilateral

A

Papillitis

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4
Q

pain around the eye or on movement of the eyeball

A

papillitis

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4
Q

in very early stage, there may be congestion of the disk with blurring or striation of margins

A

Papillitis

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5
Q

globe tender to palpation

A

Papillitis

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6
Q

most common cause is syphilis

A

Papillitis

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6
Q

in fairly established condition, the disk is swollen & of whitish gray color with reddish center, striated & often presenting white spots & hemorrhages

A

Papillitis

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6
Q

surrounding retina involved & edema may accumulate in the macula to produce radiating streaks, described as “macular star”

A

Papillitis

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6
Q

arteries appear thin while the veins are distended & very tortous

A

Papillitis

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7
Q

Etiology:
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Multiple sclerosis
Focal infection
Lead poisoning
Vascular disease
Uveitis
Orbital inflammation

A

Papillitis

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7
Q

serious; if unchecked, vision is finally much impaired or lost

A

Papillitis

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7
Q

Treatment: directed against the cause, locally the rest of the eye & from light are indicated

A

Papillitis

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7
Q

involves the orbital or intracranial portion of the optic nerve

A

Retrobulbar Neuritis (Orbital Optic Neuritis)

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7
Q

rapidly progressing impairment of sight

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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7
Q

headache on affected side

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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7
Q

pain in the orbit aggravated by movements of the eye & upon pressing the eye backward

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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8
Q

pupil often reacts sluggishly

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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9
Q

at first there are no changes

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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10
Q

later there may be slight hyperemia of the disk haziness of the disk margins

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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10
Q

sometimes diminished caliber of the retinal vessels

A

retrobulbar neuritis

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11
Q

most common cause is multiple sclerosis

A

retrobulbar neuritis

12
Q

Etiology:
-syphilis, rheumatism or diabetes
-acute infectious disease (influenza)
-septic foci/poisons

A

retrobulbar neuritis

13
Q

in general, prognosis is good

A

retrobulbar neuritis

14
Q

Treatment: cause should be attacked, large doses of vitamin B complex

A

retrobulbar neuritis

14
Q

in multiple sclerosis, the involvement of the optic nerve rarely leads to complete blindness

A

retrobulbar neuritis

15
Q

blind spot is enlarged

A

Papilledema

15
Q

a non-inflammatory swelling of the optic nerve head resulting from increased intracranial pressure of some interference of the optic nerve circulation, particularly venous drainage

A

Papilledema

15
Q

in early stages, there is no impairment of vision

A

Papilledema

16
Q

later, reduction in vision may occur & progress to blindness if intracranial pressure is not reduced

A

Papilledema

17
Q

in early stages, there may only be slight edema of the disk

A

Papilledema

18
Q

later examination shows great swelling & protrusion of the disk

A

Papilledema

19
Q

distortion & tortuosity of the retinal veins

A

Papilledema

20
Q

most frequent cause is brain tumor

A

Papilledema

21
Q
A
22
Q

Diagnosis: long, continued choked disk results in more or less permanent loss of vision associated with secondary optic atrophy

A

Papilledema

22
Q

Treatment: vision restored if intracranial pressure is reduced in time removal or treatment of lesion

A

papilledema

22
Q

degeneration of nerve fibers

A

Simple or primary optic atrophy

23
Q

reduction in acuteness of vision

A

optic atrophy (primary/secondary)

23
Q

results from previous inflammation or edema

A

Secondary or Postneuritic or secondary inflammatory atrophy

23
Q

diminution in the light sense

A

optic atrophy (primary/secondary)

24
Q

color blindness

A

optic atrophy (primary/secondary)

25
Q

when atrophy is complete, pupils are dilated & immobile

A

optic atrophy (primary/secondary)

26
Q

disk is white, graying or bluish white edges of the disk are sharply defined & regular

A

Simple atrophy

27
Q

size of disk is diminished & presents saucer-shaped excavation

A

Simple atrophy

28
Q

minute vessels have disappeared

A

Simple atrophy

29
Q

Etiology:
-Cerebrospinal diseases
-Multiple sclerosis
-Systemic syphilis
-Malaria
-Diabetes
-Excessive hemorrhage
-Arteriosclerosis
-Certain poisons (arsenic, wood alcohol)
-Choroiditis
-Retinitis
-Glaucoma

A

Simple atrophy

29
Q

arteries are diminished in caliber

A

Simple atrophy

30
Q

disk is dense white or grayish in color

A

Secondary atrophy

30
Q

margins are irregular & hazy

A

Secondary atrophy

31
Q

minute vessels are lost

A

Secondary atrophy

32
Q

retinal arteries are narrow

A

Secondary atrophy

32
Q

Etiology:
Papilledema
Optic neuritis
Tumors of the optic nerve

A

Secondary atrophy

33
Q

arteries & veins enclosed by white lines

A

Secondary atrophy

33
Q

prognosis is better & depends upon extent optic nerve has escaped from destructive influences

A

Secondary atrophy

33
Q

Treatment:
Control the cause
Scleral or EOM surgical transplantation have been tried initiate scleral vascularization which may induce choroidal & retinal neovascularization

A

Optic atrophy (primary/secondary)

33
Q

occurs in middle life; the course is slow extending over many months & prognosis is unfavorable, the condition progresses to absolute blindness

A

Simple atrophy

Opto Prac (4 decks)

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