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Fall 2024 > Fundamentals of PTA Week 1 Lab > Flashcards

Fundamentals of PTA Week 1 Lab Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical?

A

C1-C7

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2
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic?

A

T1-T12

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar?

A

L1-L5

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4
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacrum?

A

S1-S5

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5
Q

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?

A

Co1-Co4

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6
Q

What are C1 and C2 called?

A

C1- Atlas
C2 - Axis

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7
Q

What two cervical joints articulate superiorly with atlas and axis in the cervical?

A

AO joint and AA joint

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8
Q

AO joint is short for…
and does…

A

Atlanto-occipital joint
Flexion and extension

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9
Q

AA joint is short for…
and does…

A

Atlanto axial joint
no (40-50% of rotation)

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10
Q

What do you call the space between each pair of vertebrae? What does it do?

A

Intervertebral foramen
Allows blood vessels, spinal nerves and meningeal nerves to pass through to and from the spinal cord.

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11
Q

What do you call the center hole in the vertebrae

A

Vertebral foramen

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12
Q

What passes through the transverse foramen in the cervical?

A

The vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves pass through. Wraps around atlas.

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13
Q

Where are nerve roots located in the vertebrae?

A

They enter above the levels of C1-C7; C8 nerve root is located below C7.
From T1, they enter below the levels.

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14
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in total?

A

31

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15
Q

What is a Quadrant Test?

A

Cervical rotation, side bend, and extension to compress the nerves and arteries.

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16
Q

What are 5 D’s?

A

Diplopia - double vision
Dysphasia - difficulty swallowing
Dysarthria - difficulty speaking
Drop attacks - fainting
Dizziness

17
Q

What are 3 N’s?

A

Nystagmus - rapid eye movement
Nausea
Numbness

18
Q

Lordosis is …. of the spine

A

Concave (↑ extension)

19
Q

Kyphosis is ….. of the spine

A

Convex

20
Q

HNP stands for…

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

21
Q

What is the mechanism of injury for HNP?

A

Flexion and rotation

22
Q

What is peripheralization and centralization?

A

Peripherization - Pain moves away from its origin and into an extremity, such as the arm or leg — increased pressure placed on nerves.

Centralization - Pain moves from a distant location back to its origin, such as pulling sciatica-type symptoms up towards the spine. This can mean less pain, improved function, and a reduced range of movement—decreased pressure on the nerves.

23
Q

What is McKenzie’s Extension?

A

Cervical retraction (axial extension) for the C-spine and PPU for the L -spine

24
Q

What is William’s Flexion?

A
  1. PPT
  2. PPT with R KTC
  3. PPT with L KTC
  4. PPT with DKTC
25
Q

Where in the vertebrae herniated discs occur most commonly?

A

C5-C6 and C6-C7
L4-L5 and L5-S1

26
Q

What is Sprengel’s Deformity?

A

Congenital undescended scapula

27
Q

What is scapular winging?

A

Weakness of serratus anterior muscle causing one or both shoulder blades to stick out from the back instead of lying flat.

28
Q

What does the tightness of pec minor cause?

A

Causes the shoulder blade to tilt forward and rotate inward, which can lead to pain and dysfunction in the shoulder joint.

29
Q

What’s the muscle of mastication that originates from the zygomatic arch?

A

Masseter

30
Q

What’s the muscle for the elevation of the mandible (closing the mouth) by the temporal bone?

A

Anterior temporalis muscle

31
Q

What’s the muscle of mastication that helps elevate the mandible and attaches to the medial surface of the angle of the mandible?

A

Medial pterygoid muscle

32
Q

What is the test that helps determine if the Achilles tendon is torn

A

Thompson’s test

33
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A

SLTPTTCH
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

34
Q

Rationale for positioning

A
  • Prevent soft tissue/joint contractures
  • Comfort/modesty
  • Support/stability
  • Easy access for treatment
  • Exposure of areas to be treated
  • Efficient function of organ systems
  • Positional chances/prevent prolonged pressure to all structures
35
Q

Rationale for draping

A
  • Protect patient’s modesty
  • Maintain comfortable body temperature
  • Be sensitive to cultural, religious beliefs
  • Have access to body parts being treated while protecting other areas
  • Protect patient’s clothing while working on area
  • With LE, may need to provide “in between sheet”
36
Q

Precautions with positioning

A
  • Smooth out linens and clothes to avoid folds
  • Be observant of skin (prior to, during and after treatment)
  • Do not let ext. hang beyond supporting surface
  • Avoid prolonged positioning
  • Use caution with pts. who are unable to comprehend

Fall 2024 (5 decks)

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