Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Calculations (Part 1) Fraction, Decimal, Fractions and Percentage Flashcards
At the end of the lesson, the students must have: Executed common and decimal fractions, percentage equivalent, expression in ratio, proportion, variation, percentage and dimensional analysis in problem solving and use of significant figures in calculations.
the science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology.
(International Bureau of Weights and Measures, BIPM 2004).
Metrology
area of study that applies to basic principles of
mathematics to the preparation and efficacious use of pharmaceutical preparations.
Pharmaceutical calculations
What are: The Units of Measurement
- International Systems of Units (SI)
- Avoirdupois System
- Apothecaries’ System of Measurement
is referred to as the metric system
International Systems of Units (SI)
is the common system of commerce
Avoirdupois System
is the traditional system pharmaceutical
measurement
Apothecaries’ System of Measurement
is the official system for weights and measures in the
United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary.
International System of Units (SI)
Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure:
fluidrachm or fluidram (ʒ) -> minims
60 minims
Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure:
fluidounce (fl oz) -> fluidrachms
8 fluidrachm (or 480 minims)
Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure:
fluidounce (fl oz) -> minims
480 minims
Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure:
pint (pt) -> fluidounces
16 fluidounces
Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure:
quart (qt) -> pints
2 pints (32 fluidounces)
Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure:
quart (qt) -> fluidounces
32 fluidounces
Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure:
gallon (gal) -> quarts
4 quarts (8 pints)
Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure:
gallon (gal) -> pints
8 pints
Apothecaries’ Measure of Weight:
scruple -> grains
20 grains (gr)
Apothecaries’ Measure of Weight:
drachm or dram (ʒ) -> scruples
3 scruples (60 grains)
Apothecaries’ Measure of Weight:
drachm or dram (ʒ) -> grains
60 grains
Apothecaries’ Measure of Weight:
ounce -> drachms
8 drachms (480 grains)
Apothecaries’ Measure of Weight:
ounce -> grains
480 grains
Apothecaries’ Measure of Weight:
pound (lb) -> ounces
12 ounces (5760 grains)
Apothecaries’ Measure of Weight:
pound (lb) -> grains
5760 grains
Avoidupois Measure of Weight:
ounce (oz) -> grain
437.5 grains
Avoidupois Measure of Weight:
pound (lb) -> ounces
16 ounces (7000 grains)
Avoidupois Measure of Weight:
pound (lb) -> grains
7000 grains
41/7 can be converted to which whole and mixed number
The correct answer is: 5 6/7
Select the improper fraction equivalent for 3 5/6:
The correct answer is: 23/6
7/8 and 3/5 have lowest common denominator
The correct answer is: 40
5 1/8 + 1 1/4 + 4 1/2 =
The correct answer is: 3 2/8
5/6 x 2/8 =
The correct answer is: 5/24
Divide and reduce to lowest term 1/6 / 1/2
The correct answer is: 1/3
Divide and reduce to lowest term 5/6 / 1/3
The correct answer is: 2 1/2
Two and seventeen thousandths can be written in decimal form as:
The correct answer is: 2.017
0.41 - 0.2538 =
The correct answer is: 0.1562
Round 58.007 to the nearest tenth:
The correct answer is: 58
Change to whole or mixed number
48/7
The correct answer is: 6 6/7
Change to improper fraction (lowest term)
13 3/5
The correct answer is: 5 2/3
Find the lowest common denominator in this pair of fractions
17/20 and 4/5
The correct answer is: 20
Add:
1/18 + 1/4 + 2/9 =
The correct answer is: 19/36
Reduce this fraction to the lowest terms:
9/27
The correct answer is: 1/3
Write the following as decimal:
Thirty six hundredths
The correct answer is: 0.36
Change the following decimal to fraction (lowest term):
0.285
The correct answer is: 57/200
Write as decimal:
Two and seventeen thousandths
The correct answer is: 2.017
Divide
3/4 / 1/8
The correct answer is: 24/4
Multiply
1/5 x 1/3 =
The correct answer is: 1/15
