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Marine Ecology > Fundamentals of Marine Ecology > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Marine Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

“oikos” means

A

Home

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2
Q

deals with the interactions
of organisms with each
other and with the
environment and how these
interactions affect survival
and reproduction

A

Ecology

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3
Q

specific individual environment where life evolves and thrives

A

Ecosystem

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4
Q

sum total of all the ecosystems that exist in our planet

A

Biosphere

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5
Q

Physical factors

A

Abiotic

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6
Q

Biological factors

A

Biotic

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7
Q

Internal Balance

A

Homeostasis

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8
Q

Feedbacks in Homeostasis

A

-*Negative Feedback
*Positive Feedback

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9
Q

the ability of organisms to survive in their natural environment depends on
their ______ and the ____________ they have acquired to deal with changing
environmental conditions.

A

genes : evolutionary adaptations

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10
Q

It powers the process of photosynthesis

A

Sunlight

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11
Q

directly or indirectly provides energy to
nearly all forms of life on earth

A

Sunlight

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12
Q

they obtain
most of their body heat from
their surroundings

A

ectotherms

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13
Q

pressure at sea level

A

760 mm Hg, or 1 atmosphere (14.7 pounds
per square inch).

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14
Q

The availability of nutrients
strongly influences the
distribution of organisms in the
marine environment.

A

Metabolic requirements

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15
Q

survive in absence of oxygen

A

anaerobic organisms

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16
Q

organisms found in ocean’s depths, salt marshes, sand, and mud flats

A

anaerobic organisms

17
Q

requires oxygen for metabolism

A

aerobic organisms

18
Q

it refers not just to food but also to all of the organic and inorganic materials that an organism needs to metabolize, grow,
and reproduce

A

nutrient

19
Q

specific place in the environment where an organism is found

A

habitat

20
Q

Organisms expend energy to maintain _________.

A

homeostasis

21
Q

determine the amount of energy necessary to maintain homeostasis

A

Characteristics of the physical environment

22
Q

Group of same species that occupies a specific area

A

Population

23
Q

Interact with each other, able to breed with each other, influenced by the same
environmental factors

A

Population

24
Q

Every population has _________.

A

geographical boundaries

25
Q

techniques used by Biologists to estimate population size

A

sampling methods

26
Q

animals are captured and tagged or marked before being released again

A

Mark-recapture method

27
Q

number of individuals per unit area/volume, for instance, the number of barnacles on
a square meter of rock or the number of plankton in a cubic centimetre of surface
water.

A

Population Density

28
Q

refers to the pattern of spacing among individuals within the range.

A

Dispersion

29
Q

average time between and individuals birth and the birth of its offspring

A

Generation time

30
Q

shows relatively low death rates during early and middle life with death rates
increasing among older individuals.

A

Survivorship Type I,

31
Q

reflects high mortality rates for the young but a flat rate for those individuals that
survive to a certain critical age.

A

Survivorship Type III

32
Q

more or less constant mortality rates over time

A

Survivorship Type II

33
Q

composed of populations of different species that occupy one habitat at the same time

A

Community

34
Q

it compose/has competitive relationship, predator-prey relationship, symbiotic relationships

A

Community

35
Q

refers to an organism’s role in the environment

A

Niche

36
Q

no two groups of organisms can use exactly the same resources in exactly the
same place at exactly the same time.

A

Competition

37
Q
  • local extinction of less-successful competitor
A

competitive exclusion

Marine Ecology (8 decks)

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