Fundamentals of Marine Ecology Flashcards
“oikos” means
Home
deals with the interactions
of organisms with each
other and with the
environment and how these
interactions affect survival
and reproduction
Ecology
specific individual environment where life evolves and thrives
Ecosystem
sum total of all the ecosystems that exist in our planet
Biosphere
Physical factors
Abiotic
Biological factors
Biotic
Internal Balance
Homeostasis
Feedbacks in Homeostasis
-*Negative Feedback
*Positive Feedback
the ability of organisms to survive in their natural environment depends on
their ______ and the ____________ they have acquired to deal with changing
environmental conditions.
genes : evolutionary adaptations
It powers the process of photosynthesis
Sunlight
directly or indirectly provides energy to
nearly all forms of life on earth
Sunlight
they obtain
most of their body heat from
their surroundings
ectotherms
pressure at sea level
760 mm Hg, or 1 atmosphere (14.7 pounds
per square inch).
The availability of nutrients
strongly influences the
distribution of organisms in the
marine environment.
Metabolic requirements
survive in absence of oxygen
anaerobic organisms
organisms found in ocean’s depths, salt marshes, sand, and mud flats
anaerobic organisms
requires oxygen for metabolism
aerobic organisms
it refers not just to food but also to all of the organic and inorganic materials that an organism needs to metabolize, grow,
and reproduce
nutrient
specific place in the environment where an organism is found
habitat
Organisms expend energy to maintain _________.
homeostasis
determine the amount of energy necessary to maintain homeostasis
Characteristics of the physical environment
Group of same species that occupies a specific area
Population
Interact with each other, able to breed with each other, influenced by the same
environmental factors
Population
Every population has _________.
geographical boundaries
techniques used by Biologists to estimate population size
sampling methods
animals are captured and tagged or marked before being released again
Mark-recapture method
number of individuals per unit area/volume, for instance, the number of barnacles on
a square meter of rock or the number of plankton in a cubic centimetre of surface
water.
Population Density
refers to the pattern of spacing among individuals within the range.
Dispersion
average time between and individuals birth and the birth of its offspring
Generation time
shows relatively low death rates during early and middle life with death rates
increasing among older individuals.
Survivorship Type I,
reflects high mortality rates for the young but a flat rate for those individuals that
survive to a certain critical age.
Survivorship Type III
more or less constant mortality rates over time
Survivorship Type II
composed of populations of different species that occupy one habitat at the same time
Community
it compose/has competitive relationship, predator-prey relationship, symbiotic relationships
Community
refers to an organism’s role in the environment
Niche
no two groups of organisms can use exactly the same resources in exactly the
same place at exactly the same time.
Competition
- local extinction of less-successful competitor
competitive exclusion
