Fundamentals of Life

Question 1

Proton vs. Electron vs. Neutron

Answer 1

Positively charged atom vs. negatively charged atom vs. no charge atom

Question 2

How many electrons do the shells hold

Answer 2

1. Up to 2
   The rest hold up to 8

Question 3

Strong bonds

Answer 3

covalent- share an electron

Question 4

Polar vs. Nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 4

Polar: Electrons shared unequally bc one atom has more mass
Nonpolar: Electrons shared equally

Question 5

Weak chemical bonds

Answer 5

Ionic bond
Hydrogen Bond
Van der waals

Question 6

Ionic bond

Answer 6

gain or lose an electron

Question 7

S+ and S-

Answer 7

S+ weak pos charge
S- Weak neg charge

Question 8

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 8

2 monomers -> 1 polymer + H2O

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

1 polymer + H2O -> 2 monomers

Question 10

Polymers of :
Simple sugars/ monosaccharides

Answer 10

Complex Sugars (carbohydrates)/ polysaccharides

Question 11

Function of simple sugars/monosaccharides

Answer 11

Energy- glycogen, starch
Structures- cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycon

Question 12

Polymer of amino acids

Answer 12

Protein polypeptides

Question 13

Function of amino acids / proteins

Answer 13

1. Enzymes
2. Motor Proteins
3. Transporters through cellular membrane

Question 14

Polymer of fatty acids

Answer 14

Lipid

Question 15

Function of lipids

Answer 15

Energy, form membranes

Question 16

Polymer of nucleotides

Answer 16

Nucleic acids- DNA/RNA

Question 17

Covalent protein bond

Answer 17

Peptide bond

Question 18

Primary structure of proteins

Answer 18

Covalent bonds

Question 19

Secondary structure of proteins

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds (Helix or pleated sheet)

Question 20

Tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 20

Folds in on self (creates new covalent and hydrogen bonds)

Question 21

Quarternary structure of proteins

Answer 21

Can’t do its job alone
More than 1 protein interacting
Ionic Van Der Waals Bond

Question 22

Glycerol Structure

Answer 22

3 carbon molecule

Question 23

Triglyceride (fat) structure

Answer 23

Glycerol + 3 Fatty acids

Question 24

Phospholipid Structure

Answer 24

Glycerol + Phosphate (Hydrophillic) + Fatty Acid (Hydrophobic)

Question 25

Phospholipid bilayer function

Answer 25

Proteins of surfaces of membrane allow certain things in/out of cell

Question 26

Structure of Nucleic acids + what bonds

Answer 26

Sugar + Phosphate + Nitrogenous base
Hydrogen bonds

Question 27

DNA vs. RNA Nitrogenous base

Answer 27

DNA: ATCG
RNA: AUCG

Question 28

IV vs. DV

Answer 28

IV: Experimenter controls (time, concentration, amount)
DV: The reaction depending on the IV

Question 29

Autotraph

Answer 29

Creates their own food

Question 30

Prokaryotic + ex.

Answer 30

No nucleus or nucleic membrane
(bacteria, microbes)

Question 31

Eukaryotic

Answer 31

Has nucleus and nucleic membrane
(Humans)

Question 32

Central Dogma

Answer 32

Cells have required functions

Question 33

DNA-> RNA-> Protein

Answer 33

Transcription: DNA->RNA
Translation: RNA-> Protein

Question 34

2 Factors of Cell Theory + Who

Answer 34

1. Everything is made of cells
2. Cells are produced by other cells
   Virchow

Question 35

Spontaneous Generation + who

Answer 35

living organisms develop from non-living matter (Pasteur)