Fundamentals of immunology Flashcards
2015-2018 HS 202
Major immune response developed by a healthy person infected with intracellular bacterial or fungal infection
A. Humoral response
B. Cell-mediated immune response
C. Classical complement cascade
D. Alternative complement cascade
A
First to appear during infection
A. IgA B. IgM C. IgD D. IgG E. IgE
B
Regarded as antigen processing and presenting cells?
A. Macrophages (activated monocytes)
B. B cells
C. Dendritic cells
D. A and C
D
The primary immune response is the type of immune response elicited by the body at the first encounter with the antigen, infectious agent, or foreign body. Which of the following is/are true?
A. IgG is the major antibody that is produced
B. It is a function of the memory cells of both the B and T cells
C. Presence of a lag phase after the encounter of the antigen with the immunocompetent cells
D. B and C
E. NOTA
*
Innate and adaptive immunity are regarded as two separate mechanisms involving different effector cells and molecules, until recently, with the results of different studies that changed the separation of these two types of immunity. In this regard which of the following is true?
A. NK cells which are components of innate, inborn, non-specific immunity can exhibit memory
B. gamma-sigma T cells are not restricted by MHC molecules in their recognition of specific antigens and their consequent activation
C. NK cells and gamma-sigma T cells are now regarded as components of both innate non-specific immunity and adaptive specific immunity
D. AOTA
E. A and B only
*
T lymphocytes are immunocompetent cells that have subpopulations, the activation of which is restricted by the MHC molecules. Which of the following is/are true?
A. Th cells are CD8+ which recognize only processed antigen in association with MHC class II molecules
B. CD4+ T cells are able to recognize processed antigens in association with MHC class I molecules
C. Subtypes of Th cells include the Th1 and Th2 characterized by the paradigm that when Th 1 is activated, Th 2 is inhibited and vice versa
D. AOTA
E. A and B only
*
B lymphocytes, like T cells, are the major immunocompeteny cells involved in the adaptive specific immunity. Which is/are true of B cells?
A. Plasma cells are transformed B cells after activation with an antigen and produce the immunoglobulins which are major components of the humoral immune response
B. IgE is secreted in humoral immune response, which is mainly involved in anaphylaxis
C. B cells are able to internalize, process, and present antigens; activation of which can be influenced by Th cells
D. A and C
E. AOTA
*
Overreaction or overstimulation of the immune system in mounting an immune response involves hypersensitivity reaction. Which is true of type I immune response?
A. Involves IgE B. Involves degranulation of mast cells C. Asthma is an example D. AOTA E. A and B only
*
For viruses in general, CMIR is the major immunity activated to eliminate the pathogen. Which of the following is/are the evasive mechanism/s used by viruses (ex. Ebola) to evade the immune system?
A. Masking of surface antigen
B. Sialic acid content recognized by immunocompetent cells as “self” cells have sialic component
C. Release of protease and other enzymes
D. Phase variation of antigen
D
In dengue shock syndrome, as well as in sepsis and leptospirosis, the shock syndrome is mainly due to which of the following?
A. Inflammatory cytokine storm
B. Platelet depletion
C. Generation of anaphylactic complement fragments C3a and C5a
D. Opsonization and immune complexes formation
*
Killing of helminth/parasite by immune system
A. Phagocytosis by macrophage/neutrophil
B. Cytotoxic T and T helper cells
C. Antibodies and activation of eosinophil
D. Antibodies and activation of specific antibodies to basophil
*
Synthesis of antibodies are activated by lymphokines secreted by
A. Cytotoxic T cells B. T helper type I C. T helper type II D. T suppressor cell E. T regulator cell
*
Which of the following combinations is responsible for mucosal immunity?
A. alpha-beta T cell and IgA B. IgG and alpha-beta T cell C. IgA and IgG D. gamma-delta T cell and IgE E. gamma-delta T cell and IgA
E
True of immunotherapy:
A. Humanized antibodies can be raised in SCID mice to produce antibodies that are used in the treatment of specific diseases
B. Biologicals are mostly polyclonal antibodies that are used as immunotherapeutics against cancer and other diseases
C. In the current Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak, the experimental drugs used to treat the 2 American volunteers are monoclonal antibodies against a specific epitope of the Ebola virus
D. AOTA
E. A and C only
*
Which of the following is/are true of the mediators of ADCC or antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity?
A. Activated complement fragments/proteins
B. Eosinophils
C. NK cells
D. Cytotoxic T cells
*
7 year old stumbled on wood with protruding nail. He got fever due to infected wound. What type of immunity
was developed?
a. innate
b. natural active
c. artificial
d. natural passive
A
