Fundamentals of Genetics

Question 1

genetics studies how

Answer 1

physical traits and diseases pass from generation to generation

Question 1

what is genetics

Answer 1

the science of heredity

Question 2

Genetics also is a study of molecules that examines

Answer 2

The make up genes and gene products (proteins)
How genes turn on/off
Population-based gene variations
Genes involved in biotechnology (agricultural/pharmaceutical)

Question 3

what do genes control

Answer 3

what cells look like and what they do

Question 4

what % of all humans are similar and what % is different??

Answer 4

99% similar, 1% different
no matter where you are or ethnicity etc.

Question 5

genes are

Answer 5

the physical units of heredity

Question 6

Genes, which are made up of DNA, provide instructions to make molecules called

Answer 6

proteins

Question 7

The Human Genome Project estimates that humans have between _____ and ____ genes

Answer 7

20,000 & 25,000

Question 8

Genes are a basic structural and functional unit of

Answer 8

genetics

Question 9

how many copies of each gene do we have and where do they come from

Answer 9

two copies of each gene
one inherited from each parent

Question 10

genetic info is composed of

Answer 10

defined deoxyribonucleic acid sequences and organized into
genes

Question 11

a string of chemical building blocks or nucleotides in a DNA molecule

Answer 11

genes

Question 12

how many nucleotides are in DNA

Answer 12

4

Question 13

DNA stores info in form of

Answer 13

genetic code

Question 14

what is each gene made up of?

Answer 14

a string of chemical building blocks or nucleotides

Question 15

another term for a gene

Answer 15

allele

Question 16

wild type allele

Answer 16

normal
allele that is present most commonly in wild and natural populations

Question 17

what defines the type and sequence of amino acids

Answer 17

letters of each nucleotide

Question 18

continuous unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
chain of many amino acids joined together

Answer 18

polypeptides

Question 19

what action produces the characteristic traits we see that are passed down from feneration to generation

Answer 19

proteins

Question 20

It is basically the genetic code that determines all the characteristics of a living thing
It is a large molecule in the shape of a double helix

Answer 20

DNA

Question 21

what is a nucleotide

Answer 21

contains a sugar and phosphate molecule, which make up the ‘backbone’ of DNA, and one of four organic bases (that go into making the DNA)

Question 22

repeating units of DNA

Answer 22

nucleotide

Question 23

sections of DNA at each end of chromosomes that protect it during DNA replication by forming a cap

Answer 23

telomeres

Question 24

why do chromosomes become shorter with each cell replication?

Answer 24

unable to replicate the DNA strand to its very end, resulting in the shortening of the chromosomes with each cell division due to loss of telomeres

Question 25

The condition or process of deterioration with age. The loss of a cell's power of division and growth.

Answer 25

senescence

Question 26

slowing down period,, aging, deterioration and things ar enot functioning like they used to

Answer 26

senescence

Question 27

what accompanies aging and could explain functional decline in most body organs?

Answer 27

repetitive sequence of telomeres lacks info for protein synthesis and protects genes internally when length of telomere is too short, gene integrity is compromised and cell enters senescence thus the reduction in the number of cells that can divide accompanies the above

Question 28

why is there not as much interes in staying youthful younger and telomeres as before?

Answer 28

botox, filler, surgeries etc.

Question 29

hallmark of ageing

Answer 29

telomere attrition

Question 30

has an estimated heritability of 70%

Answer 30

telomere length, rest is dependent on lifestyle

Question 31

what is a homologous pair

Answer 31

set of one maternal & one paternal chromosome that pair up inside a cell during meiosis carries genes for the same trait in the same order

Question 32

section of dna wrapped around a core of proteins

Answer 32

nucleosome

Question 33

basic repeating subunit of chromatin

Answer 33

nucleosome

Question 34

what is the backbone of dna

Answer 34

histones

Question 35

DNA & protein

Answer 35

nucleosomes

Question 36

4 bases

Answer 36

nucleotides

Question 37

what is a genotype

Answer 37

It is the genetic makeup of an organism It is the sum of genes transmitted from parent to offspring

Question 38

what is a phenotype

Answer 38

It is the manifest characteristics of an organism collectively (expression of those genes, different in all of us) Including anatomical and behavioral traits, that result from both its heredity and its environment

Question 39

what is a karyotype

Answer 39

looks at all 46 chromosomes chromosomes, diagram, number and structure of chromosomes

Question 40

the product of genes

Answer 40

proteins

Question 41

the intermediate between the genes and phenotype

Answer 41

genes

Question 42

what is an example of a protein gene product

Answer 42

blood-clotting factors and digestive enzymes

Question 43

what control the kinds and amounts of proteins present in cells

Answer 43

info encoded in teh dna

Question 44

dictate what dna will do

Answer 44

genes

Question 45

responsible for what you look like and building block of this comes from the genes

Answer 45

proteins