FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT Flashcards
DEFINE MOTION
ACT OF CHANGING PLACE OR POSITION
DEFINE ACCELERATION
THE RATE OF CHANGE OF SPEED AND OR VELOCITY OF MATTER WITH TIME.
DEFINE SPEED
THE RATE OF MOVEMENT IN TERMS OF DISTANCE MEASURED IN AN ALLOTTED AMOUNT OF TIME.
DEFINE VELOCITY
THE QUICKNESS OR SPEED OF AN OBJECT IN A GIVEN TIME AND DIRECTION.
NEWTONS FIRST LAW
AN OBJECT AT REST WILL REMAIN AT REST, OR AN OBJECT IN MOTION WILL REMAIN AT MOTION UNLESS ACTED ON BY AN OUTSIDE FORCE.
NEWTONS SECOND LAW
IF AN OBJECT MOVING WITH UNIFORM SPEED IS ACTED ON BY AN EXTERNAL FORCE, THE CHANGE OF MOTION OR ACCELERATION, WILL BE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE AMOUNT OF FORCE AND INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE MASS OF THE OBJECT BEING MOVED.
NEWTONS THIRD LAW
FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION
BERNOULLI”S PRINCIPLE
A FLUID FLOWING THROUGH A TUBE REACHES A CONSTRICTION , CAUSING THE SPEED OF THE FLUID TO INCREASE, WHILE THE PRESSURE DECREASES.
DEFINE LIFT
THE FORCE THAT ACTS IN AN UPWARD DIRECTION TO SUPPORT AIRCRAFT IN AIR. COUNTERACTS WEIGHT. LIFT MUST BE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO WEIGHT TO MAINTAIN FLIGHT.
DEFINE WEIGHT
THE FORCE OF GRAVITY ACTING DOWNWARD ON THE AIRCRAFT AND EVERYTHING ON THE AIRCRAFT.
DEFINE DRAG
THE FORCE THAT TENDS TO HOLD AN AIRCRAFT BACK. CAUSED BY THE DISRUPTION OF AIR ABOUT THE WINGS, BODY, AND ALL PROTRUDING OBJECTS ON THE AIRCRAFT. DRAG RESISTS MOTION.
DEFINE THRUST
THE FORCE DEVELOPED BY THE AIRCRAFT ENGINE THAT ACTS IN THE FORWARD DIRECTION. THRUST MUST BE GREATER THAN DRAG IN ORDER FOR FLIGHT TO BE SUSTAINED.
WHAT IS THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS?
AN IMAGINARY REFERENCE LINE RUNNING FROM NOSE TO TAIL DOWN THE CENTER OF THE AIRCRAFT.
LATERAL AXIS
AN IMAGINARY REFERENCE LINE RUNNING PARALLEL TO THE WINGS
VERTICAL AXIS
IMAGINARY REFERENCE LINE RUNNING FROM THE TOP TO THE BOTTOM OF THE AIRCRAFT.
AILERONS
MOVABLE CONTROL SURFACE THAT MOVES AIRCRAFT ABOUT ITS LONGITUDINAL AXIS CAUSING “ROLL”
ELEVATORS
MOVABLE CONTROL SURFACE THAT MOVES AIRCRAFT ABOUT ITS LATERAL AXIS CAUSING “PITCH”
RUDDER
MOVABLE CONTROL SURFACE THAT MOVES THE AIRCRAFT ABOUT ITS VERTICAL AXIS CAUSING “YAW”
TAIL ROTOR
COUNTERACTS THE TORQUE OF THE MAIN ROTOR BY INCREASING OR DECREASING THE AMOUNT OF HORIZONTAL THRUST THE TAIL ROTOR PRODUCES, MOVING THE HELICOPTER ABOUT ITS VERTICAL AXIS.
CYCLIC STICK
CONTROLS HELICOPTER ABOUT ITS LATERAL AND LONGITUDINAL AXIS BY CHANGING DIRECTION OF LIFT.
FLAP
LEADING/TRAILING EDGE CREATES EXTRA LIFT BY LENGTHENING THE TOP SECTION OF THE WING RESULTING IN MAXIMUM LIFT TO REDUCE TAKEOFF RUNS AND LANDING ROLLOUT.
SPOILER
USED TO DECREASE WING LIFT BY DESTROYING SMOOTH AIR FLOW OVER WING SURFACES CREATING A MORE PREDICTABLE LANDING GLIDE SLOPE.
SPEED BRAKES
HINGED OR MOVABLE CONTROL SURFACES USED TO REDUCE THE SPEED OF AN AIRCRAFT.
SLATS
MOVABLE CONTROL SURFACE ATTACHED TO LEADING EDGE OF WING
DEFINE COLLECTIVE
THE ANGLE OF ATTACK OF THE ROTOR BLADES OF A HELICOPTER.WHEN THE COLLECTIVE IS LOWERED TO ZERO AND THE ROTOR BLADES ARE LEVEL, NO LIFT IS ACHIEVED.
DEFINE ANGLE OF ATTACK
THE ANGLE AT WHICH THE AIRFOIL OR FUSELAGE MEETS THE FLOW OF AIR
DEFINE AUTOROTATION
A METHOD OF ALLOWING A HELICOPTER TO LAND WITHOUT USING ENGINE POWER.AS A HELICOPTER IS DESCENDING, THE COLLECTIVE IS LOWERED ALLOWING REVERSE AIR FLOW THROUGH THE ROTOR TO MAINTAIN RPM.WHEN THE HELICOPTER REACHES A PRE DETERMINED ALTITUDE, COLLECTIVE IS INCREASED TO CREATE INERTIAL ENERGY INTO LIFT TO CUSHION THE LANDING.
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF A BASIC AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC SYSTEM?
A RESERVOIR FOR HYDRAULIC FLUID A PUMP TUBING A SELECTOR VALVE TO DIRECT FLOW AN ACTUATING UNIT TO CONVERT PRESSURE INTO USEFUL WORK.
LIST LANDING GEAR COMPONENTS.
SHOCK STRUT ASSEMBLY TIRES WHEEL BRAKE ASSEMBLY RETRACTING AND EXTENDING MECHANISM SIDE STRUTS AND SUPPORTS.
