Fundamentals 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Capacitation .?

A

Ability of Sperms to Fertilise ova in Female Reproductive tract

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2
Q

Sperms become Hypermotile in

A

Fallopian Tube

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3
Q

Attachment of sperm to Zona Pellucida

A

Acrosomal reaction

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4
Q

Receptors on Zona pellucida of secondary oocyte

A

ZP1, ZP2, ZP3(M/I)

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5
Q

Cortical Reaction.?

A

Penetration of ZP and reaching Cortex of secondary oocyte

With Help of ZP2 and Ca2++

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6
Q

What does Sperm do when it reaches Cortex of Secondary oocyte.?

A

Release of Hormones that make it impermeable for other Sperms.
Zona reaction

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7
Q

Function of Zona Pellucida.?

A

To prevent Polyspermy.

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8
Q

What is Fertilisation.?

A

Sperm + Secondary Oocyte or Female Pro Nucleus = Zygote.

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9
Q

16 cell stage of zygote is called as .?

A

Morula - Mulberry Shaped

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10
Q

Nutrition to Zygote in FT is provided by

A

Secretory Cells of FT

Other cells of FT- Columnar / ciliary cells and PEG cells

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11
Q

Main factor responsible for movement of Zygote into Uterine cavity.?

A

Peristalsis of Tube and Cilia Movement.

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12
Q

How does Progesterone and Copper T contraception cause Ectopic Pregnancy.?

A

Progesterone is a Smooth Muscle relaxant.

causes dec in Peristalsis of FT leading to Zygote implanting in FT

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13
Q

When does Implantation occur.?

A

Begins by 6th day after fertilisation.

Completed by 10th Day

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14
Q

When does Zona Hatching occur.?

A

5th day after Fertilisation.

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15
Q

What is Blastocyst.?

A

Fluid filled Morula caused by Zona pellucida hatching and fluid entering.

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16
Q

What is Intradecidual Sign.?

A

Sign of Attachment of Blastocyst to endometrium.

It does not disturb the central uterine cavity complex.

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17
Q

What is the First sign of Pregnancy on USG.?

A

Intradecidual sign

18
Q

What is the Decidua.?

A

Endometrium in pregnancy.

19
Q

3 Parts of Decidua.?

A

D. Capsularis.
D. Basalis.
D. Parietalis.

20
Q

D. Capsularis.?

A

Separates Blastocyst from Uterine cavity.

21
Q

D. Basalis.?

A

Separates Blastocyst from Myometrium.

Site for Formation of Placenta- Maternal SIde

22
Q

D. Parietalis.?

A

Rest of decidua excluding Basalis and Capsularis.

23
Q

Implantation window

A

D20-21

24
Q

M/C site of Implantation

A

Upper Posterior part of Uterus

25
Q

Piskacek Sign

A

Unequal growth of uterus due to eccentric implantation

26
Q

Pseudogestational sac.?

A

Centrally Located Sac.

27
Q

What is Interstitial Implantation.?

A

Deep Impantation

28
Q

Hartmann or Placental Sign

A

Bleeding at the time if implantation.

29
Q

Nitabuch’s Layer

A

Between Decidua and Chorion.

Limits penetration of Blastocyst.

30
Q

Thickness of Endometrium at the time of Implantation

A

10-12mm

31
Q

Uterine cavity obliteration occurs at .?

A

14-16 weeks of pregnancy

32
Q

Superfecundation.?

A

2 ova fertilised by 2 sperms in same cycle.

Seen in humans.

33
Q

Superfetation.?

A

2 ova fertilised by 2 sperms in diff cycle.
Not seen in Humans.
But theoretically possible till 14 weeks i.e till uterine obliteration.

34
Q

Blastocyst - total number of cells.

A

58
Inner Cell mass - 5 - gives rise to fetus.
Trophoblast- 53 cells.

35
Q

Trophoblast- divides into.?

A

Cyto and Syncytiotrophoblast.

8 days after fertilisation.

36
Q

Fetal Placenta is formed by.?

A

Chorion Frondosum. Vili like structure.

37
Q

Chorion Laeve

A

Smooth part of Cytotrophblast that forms the chorion.

38
Q

Hormonal Factory of the Placenta .?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast.

39
Q

PIH is Prevented by .?

A

Trophoblastic Invasion.

Conversion of High resistance vessels to Low Resistance by Cytotrophoblast.

40
Q

If Trophoblastic Invasion is absent.?

A

PIH, IUGR and Abruptio Placenta.

41
Q

Indentation of Central Cavity Complex by Blastocyst.?

A

Double Decidual Sac / Ring sign.

Seen only in True Gestational Sac.