Fundamentals 2 Flashcards
What is Capacitation .?
Ability of Sperms to Fertilise ova in Female Reproductive tract
Sperms become Hypermotile in
Fallopian Tube
Attachment of sperm to Zona Pellucida
Acrosomal reaction
Receptors on Zona pellucida of secondary oocyte
ZP1, ZP2, ZP3(M/I)
Cortical Reaction.?
Penetration of ZP and reaching Cortex of secondary oocyte
With Help of ZP2 and Ca2++
What does Sperm do when it reaches Cortex of Secondary oocyte.?
Release of Hormones that make it impermeable for other Sperms.
Zona reaction
Function of Zona Pellucida.?
To prevent Polyspermy.
What is Fertilisation.?
Sperm + Secondary Oocyte or Female Pro Nucleus = Zygote.
16 cell stage of zygote is called as .?
Morula - Mulberry Shaped
Nutrition to Zygote in FT is provided by
Secretory Cells of FT
Other cells of FT- Columnar / ciliary cells and PEG cells
Main factor responsible for movement of Zygote into Uterine cavity.?
Peristalsis of Tube and Cilia Movement.
How does Progesterone and Copper T contraception cause Ectopic Pregnancy.?
Progesterone is a Smooth Muscle relaxant.
causes dec in Peristalsis of FT leading to Zygote implanting in FT
When does Implantation occur.?
Begins by 6th day after fertilisation.
Completed by 10th Day
When does Zona Hatching occur.?
5th day after Fertilisation.
What is Blastocyst.?
Fluid filled Morula caused by Zona pellucida hatching and fluid entering.
What is Intradecidual Sign.?
Sign of Attachment of Blastocyst to endometrium.
It does not disturb the central uterine cavity complex.
What is the First sign of Pregnancy on USG.?
Intradecidual sign
What is the Decidua.?
Endometrium in pregnancy.
3 Parts of Decidua.?
D. Capsularis.
D. Basalis.
D. Parietalis.
D. Capsularis.?
Separates Blastocyst from Uterine cavity.
D. Basalis.?
Separates Blastocyst from Myometrium.
Site for Formation of Placenta- Maternal SIde
D. Parietalis.?
Rest of decidua excluding Basalis and Capsularis.
Implantation window
D20-21
M/C site of Implantation
Upper Posterior part of Uterus
Piskacek Sign
Unequal growth of uterus due to eccentric implantation
Pseudogestational sac.?
Centrally Located Sac.
What is Interstitial Implantation.?
Deep Impantation
Hartmann or Placental Sign
Bleeding at the time if implantation.
Nitabuch’s Layer
Between Decidua and Chorion.
Limits penetration of Blastocyst.
Thickness of Endometrium at the time of Implantation
10-12mm
Uterine cavity obliteration occurs at .?
14-16 weeks of pregnancy
Superfecundation.?
2 ova fertilised by 2 sperms in same cycle.
Seen in humans.
Superfetation.?
2 ova fertilised by 2 sperms in diff cycle.
Not seen in Humans.
But theoretically possible till 14 weeks i.e till uterine obliteration.
Blastocyst - total number of cells.
58
Inner Cell mass - 5 - gives rise to fetus.
Trophoblast- 53 cells.
Trophoblast- divides into.?
Cyto and Syncytiotrophoblast.
8 days after fertilisation.
Fetal Placenta is formed by.?
Chorion Frondosum. Vili like structure.
Chorion Laeve
Smooth part of Cytotrophblast that forms the chorion.
Hormonal Factory of the Placenta .?
Syncytiotrophoblast.
PIH is Prevented by .?
Trophoblastic Invasion.
Conversion of High resistance vessels to Low Resistance by Cytotrophoblast.
If Trophoblastic Invasion is absent.?
PIH, IUGR and Abruptio Placenta.
Indentation of Central Cavity Complex by Blastocyst.?
Double Decidual Sac / Ring sign.
Seen only in True Gestational Sac.
