Fundamentals 1 Flashcards
Sex determination Gene
SRY gene
45 XO
Turners syndrome - Female
47 XXY
Klinefelters Syn -Male
Gene Codes for Testis
SOX 9
Gene Codes for Ovary
RSPO 1 and WNT 4
Best Investigation for Sex determination and to detect defect in chromosomal number
Karyotyping
Defect in Chromosomal Number
Aneuploidy - Triploidy, Trisomy, Monosomy.
Most commonly used method for sex determination
Looking at external genitalia
Exception- Ambigous Genitalia
Barr Bodies Method
Method to detect sex. Number of chromosome X-1 normal female 1 normal male 0 Turner 0 klinefelters 1 Cant diff btw them
Origin of Urogenital System
Mostly Mesodermal
Excp- Urogenital Sinus- Endodermal
Origin of Urogenital Ridge
Intermediate Mesoderm- @ 5 weeks
Derivatives of Urogenital Ridge
1) Gonads and Ducts
2) Renal System
External Genitalia derived from
Dorsosomatic part of Lateral Plate Mesoderm
Germ Cells are derived from
Epiblast- MIgrate to Yolk sac @ 3 Wks and Genital Ridge @ 5 wks
Gonads are derived from
Genital Ridge
Bipotential till 6 wks
Differentiation of Gonads depends on
SRY Gene present on Short Arm of Y chromosome
if + nt its male- XY
If - nt its female- XX
Medulla of Genital Ridge give rise to
Testis @ 7 wks
Cortex of Genital ridge gives rise to
Ovary @ 8 wks
Reason for Streak Ovaries in Turners
Absence of second X chromosome
Type of gonad in Klinefelter and why.?
Testis coz of Presence of Y chromosome
Spermatogonia to Primary Spermatocyte what division.?
Mitosis
Primary to Secondary Spermatocyte what division.?
Meiosis 1- Reduction division
46XY to 23 X and 23 Y
Primary to Secondary Spermatocyte what division.?
Meiosis 1- Reduction division
46XY to 23 XY and 23 XY
Secondary Spermatocyte to Spermatids.. what Division.?
Meiosis 2
What is Spermiogenesis.?
What is Spermatogenesis.?
Spermatogenesis- Spermatogonia to Sperms
Spermiogenesis-Transformation of Spermatids to sperm.
1 Spermatocyte Gives rise to how many Sperms.?
1 Spermatogonia- 16 Primary Spermatocyte
1 Primary Spermatocyte - 4 Sperms
so 16*4=64 sperms
Time Taken For Spermatogenesis
72-74 Days
Per day Avg- 100 million sperms
Time Taken for Spermiogenesis
12-14 Days
No Mitosis/Meiosis
9+2 Arrangement
Sperms lack Endoplasmic Reticulum esp RER