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OBS > Fundamentals 1 > Flashcards

Fundamentals 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sex determination Gene

A

SRY gene

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2
Q

45 XO

A

Turners syndrome - Female

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3
Q

47 XXY

A

Klinefelters Syn -Male

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4
Q

Gene Codes for Testis

A

SOX 9

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5
Q

Gene Codes for Ovary

A

RSPO 1 and WNT 4

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6
Q

Best Investigation for Sex determination and to detect defect in chromosomal number

A

Karyotyping

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7
Q

Defect in Chromosomal Number

A

Aneuploidy - Triploidy, Trisomy, Monosomy.

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8
Q

Most commonly used method for sex determination

A

Looking at external genitalia

Exception- Ambigous Genitalia

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9
Q

Barr Bodies Method

A 
Method to detect sex.
Number of chromosome X-1
normal female 1
normal male 0
Turner 0
klinefelters 1
Cant diff btw them
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10
Q

Origin of Urogenital System

A

Mostly Mesodermal

Excp- Urogenital Sinus- Endodermal

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11
Q

Origin of Urogenital Ridge

A

Intermediate Mesoderm- @ 5 weeks

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12
Q

Derivatives of Urogenital Ridge

A

1) Gonads and Ducts

2) Renal System

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13
Q

External Genitalia derived from

A

Dorsosomatic part of Lateral Plate Mesoderm

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14
Q

Germ Cells are derived from

A

Epiblast- MIgrate to Yolk sac @ 3 Wks and Genital Ridge @ 5 wks

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15
Q

Gonads are derived from

A

Genital Ridge

Bipotential till 6 wks

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16
Q

Differentiation of Gonads depends on

A

SRY Gene present on Short Arm of Y chromosome
if + nt its male- XY
If - nt its female- XX

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17
Q

Medulla of Genital Ridge give rise to

A

Testis @ 7 wks

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18
Q

Cortex of Genital ridge gives rise to

A

Ovary @ 8 wks

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19
Q

Reason for Streak Ovaries in Turners

A

Absence of second X chromosome

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20
Q

Type of gonad in Klinefelter and why.?

A

Testis coz of Presence of Y chromosome

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21
Q

Spermatogonia to Primary Spermatocyte what division.?

A

Mitosis

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22
Q

Primary to Secondary Spermatocyte what division.?

A

Meiosis 1- Reduction division

46XY to 23 X and 23 Y

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22
Q

Primary to Secondary Spermatocyte what division.?

A

Meiosis 1- Reduction division

46XY to 23 XY and 23 XY

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23
Q

Secondary Spermatocyte to Spermatids.. what Division.?

A

Meiosis 2

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24
Q

What is Spermiogenesis.?

What is Spermatogenesis.?

A

Spermatogenesis- Spermatogonia to Sperms

Spermiogenesis-Transformation of Spermatids to sperm.

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25
Q

1 Spermatocyte Gives rise to how many Sperms.?

A

1 Spermatogonia- 16 Primary Spermatocyte
1 Primary Spermatocyte - 4 Sperms
so 16*4=64 sperms

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26
Q

Time Taken For Spermatogenesis

A

72-74 Days

Per day Avg- 100 million sperms

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27
Q

Time Taken for Spermiogenesis

A

12-14 Days
No Mitosis/Meiosis
9+2 Arrangement
Sperms lack Endoplasmic Reticulum esp RER

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28
Q

Where does Sperm attain Motility and Maturity.?

A

Caudal end of Epididymis

29
Q

Genes that codes for Motility of Sperms

30
Q

Ion for motility of Sperms

31
Q

Ion for motility of Sperms

32
Q

Sperms remain Motile in Female for.?

33
Q

Time taken for Sperm to reach FT.?

34
Q

Where is GNRH synthesised.?

A

Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus

35
Q

Protein for Pulsatility of GNRH

A

KISSPEPTIN and KISS-IR Receptor

36
Q

LH acts on

A

Leydig cells - produces Testosterone

37
Q

LH acts on

A

Leydig cells - produces Testosterone

38
Q

FSH acts on

A

Sertoli Cells- Produces Inhibin B ( -ve FB on FSH) and ABP- Androgen binding Protein.

39
Q

Action of Testosterone

A

Negative FB on LH and GNRH

Also Responsible for Spermatogenesis along with FSH and LH.

40
Q

First stimulus req to release Testosterone

A

HCG from Leydig cells

41
Q

Blood - Testis Barrier

A

Sertoli cells

Outside- Leydig Cells

42
Q

When does Spermatogenesis occur.?

43
Q

When does Oogenesis Occur.?

44
Q

1) Oogonia to Primary oocyte.?

2) Primary to Secondary oocyte.?

A

1) Mitosis

2) Meiosis 1- arrested in Diplotene stage of Prophase.

45
Q

What is Dictyate state.?

A

Arrested Primary Oocyte in Meiosis 1 - Diplotene Stage of prophase.
Absent in Spermatogenesis

46
Q

What is Primordial Follicle

A

Primary Oocyte surrounded by Follicular cells ( Granulosa and Theca)

47
Q

When does Meiosis 1 Resume.?

A

At puberty coz of LH surge

48
Q

What is Ovulation.?

A

Primary oocyte to Secondary oocyte plus polar body(Perivitelline Space).

49
Q

Secondary oocyte is arrested in.?

A

Metaphase.

50
Q

What does Secondary Oocyte give rise to .?

A

Female Pronucleus (ova) and second polar body at the time of fertilization.

51
Q

Time Btw LH surge and Ovulation

A

32-36 Hrs or 24-36 Hrs

52
Q

When is 1st and 2nd polar Body released.?

A

1st at time of Ovulation

2nd at time of Fertilisation

53
Q

Size of Follicle before Ovulation.?

54
Q

Fertilizable span of Ovum

A

12-24 hrs

Sperm- 48-72 hrs

55
Q

Oogonia formed at.?

56
Q

Primary oocyte formed at.?

57
Q

Follicle formation starts at.? Completed by.?

A

15-20 wks

22-24 wks

58
Q

max number of follicles seen at.?

A

20 wks - 5-6 million

59
Q

Number of Follicles at birth.?

A

1-2 Million

60
Q

Number of Follicles at Puberty.?

61
Q

Initial Recruitment or atresia of Follicles is.?

A

Hormone Independant.

62
Q

Testosterone Production begins at and maximum at.?

A

Begins at 7-8 Wks

Max at 15 weeks and then its low till puberty.

63
Q

Rate of testosterone prod in adult male.?

A

5-7 mg / day

free T level- 0.5 to 3.1%

64
Q

Testosterone converted to estrogen by.?

65
Q

Amount of E2 prod in males per day.?

A

50 mcg / day
20% in testis
rest in Adipose tissue

66
Q

Role of Estrogen in Males

A

Inc Bone Density
Closure of Epiphyseal plate of Long Bones
Maintenance of Body fat
Sexual Function

67
Q

Excess Estrogen in Males causes

A

Gynaecomastia

68
Q

Hormone responsible for Conversion of Testosterone to DHT

A

5-alpha reductase

69
Q

Most Potent Androgen

70
Q

Ratio of Test : DHT

71
Q

Meiosis 1 is also called as

A

Transition Meiosis

OBS (13 decks)

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