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Spanish Wine Scholar 2024-25 > Fundamentals > Flashcards

Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What are Spain’s three most-populated cities?

A

Madrid
Barcelona
Valencia

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2
Q

When was the original Consejo Regulador Spanish Denominación de Origen Jerez-Xeres-Sherry system established?

A

1932

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3
Q

The current Denominación de Origen system was established in which year?

A

1970

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4
Q

To which organization does each Consejo Regulador report?

A

Instituto Nacional de Denominaciones de Origen (National Institute)

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5
Q

To be considered for a promotion to DOCa/DOQ, how many years must a region be a DO?

A

Minimum ten

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6
Q

What are four quality standards set by the Consejo Regulador to become a DO?

A

Grape varieties
Production levels
Aging
Winemaking methods

(GPAW)

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7
Q

How many years must a Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VC) exist before applying for promotion to DO status?

A

Five

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8
Q

Under Vino de Pago (VP), a Pago has the ability to set its own production rules and standards. True or False?

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What additional piece of information must be present on a label for a sparkling wine over a still wine?

A

Sugar content

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10
Q

What is Spain’s highest peak?

A

Pico del Teide (Tenerife-Las Islas Canarias)

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11
Q

What are the two significant lowland areas in Spain?

A

Ebro Basin & Andalusian Plain

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12
Q

What is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula?

A

The Tajo River (Tagas)

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13
Q

Which major river flows into the Mediterranean Sea rather than westward into the Atlantic?

A

The Ebro River

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14
Q

What are the three main climate types on mainland Spain?

A

Maritime
Continental
Mediterranean

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15
Q

What is the climate of Las Islas Canarias?

A

Subtropical

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16
Q

Spain is composed of how many autonomous communities?

A

17

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17
Q

Which three autonomous regions in Spain produce approximately 60% of the wine?

A

Castilla-La Mancha
Cataluña
Rioja

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18
Q

Name the three most common vine training systems used in Spain.

A

Parral (pergola)
En Vaso (gobelet)
Espaldera (VSP)

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19
Q

Which vine planting method utilized a chessboard-like pattern?

A

Marco real

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20
Q

What is the primary purpose of “marco real?”

A

Minimize hydric (water) stress

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21
Q

Which method of trellising allows drip irrigation to be installed?

A

Espaldera (VSP)

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22
Q

What are Spain’s top five most-planted grape varieties?

A

Airén (#1 White)
Tempranillo (#1 Red)
Bobal (Red)
Garnacha Tinta
Macabeo/Viura

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23
Q

What is the name of the clay jars historically used to ferment grape must.

A

Tinajas

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24
Q

What is the time before release for a traditional Reserva vino rosado?

A

24 months

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25
Q

What are the two primary grapes used for vinos rosados?

A

Garnacha Tinta and Tempranillo

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26
Q

What is the Spanish term for the mixture of yeast and sugar used to initiate a second fermentation in a vino espumoso?

A

Licor de tiraje

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27
Q

Name the DO exclusively dedicated to vinos dulces.

A

DO Málaga

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28
Q

Where in Spain is the largest expanse of Malvasía vineyards in Europe?

A

DO Lanzarote (Las Islas Canarias)

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29
Q

Who started Vega Sicilia (in 1864) with cuttings of Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, and Merlot?

A

Eloy Lecanda

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30
Q

Where was the use of drip irrigation pioneered in the 1970s?

A

Estate of Marqués de Griñón in Toledo (VP Dominio de Valdepusa)

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31
Q

What is En Vaso?

A

Gobelet

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32
Q

What did the Phoenicians introduce to the Iberian Peninsula?

A

Iron
Olive Oil
Vitis Vinifera
Viti/Vini
Amphorae

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33
Q

What is Vinnum Ceretensis?

A

Roman “Mega Purple”

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34
Q

What is Nabibi?

A

Sweet Wine made from Raisins (8th century)

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35
Q

What was the Reconquista?

A

Symbolic name for the series of campaigns whereby Christian states began to recapture territory from the Moors.

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36
Q

Who created the first cava?

A

Raventós, Josep of Codorníu in 1872

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37
Q

By royal decree, in what year was Rioja’s first supervisory board created?

A

1926

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38
Q

What are the five primary rivers of Spain? (In length)

A

Tajo (Tagas)
Ebro
Duero
Guadiana
Guadalquivir

(TED Gs)

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39
Q

What is the longest river in Spain? The Iberian Peninsula?

A

Spain =Ebro
Iberian = Tajo (Tagas)

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40
Q

What are the three primary soil categories in Spain?

A

Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Volcanic

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41
Q

What is llicorella?

A

Metamorphic slate of Priorat in Cataluña

42
Q

What is the name of the soil of Priorat?

A

Llicorella

43
Q

What is albariza?

A

Chalky soil of Jerez

44
Q

What is the chalky soil of Jerez?

A

Albariza

45
Q

What is the eastern most island of the Islas Canarias?

A

Lanzarote

46
Q

What is the primary soil of Rías Baixas?

A

Granite

47
Q

What is the Leveche?

A

Valencia Alicante

Hot, dry, dust-laden southwest wind from North Africa strongly affecting Valencia and Alicante

48
Q

What wind affects Valencia and Alicante?

A

Leveche from North Africa

49
Q

What is the Levante?

A

Aka Solana

Hot, easterly wind that is funneled between Cordillera Penibética and Atlas Mountains of North Africa

Blows over the Andalusian Plain

50
Q

What is the Poniente?

A

Humid westerly through Jerez and Sanlucar

51
Q

What is En Cabeza?

A

The head of the vine is trained downward to avoid sunburn

52
Q

What is the cross for Cabernet Franc?

A

Morenoa
Hondaribbi Beltza

53
Q

What is Gros Cabernet?

A

Hondarribi Beltza x
Fer

54
Q

Carmenere is a cross of…

A

Cabernet Franc

Gros Cabernet (HBeltza x Fer)

55
Q

What zones lie within The Meseta?

A

Castilla-La Mancha
Castilla y León
Communidad de Madrid
Extremadura
Aragón (in part)
Navarra (in part)

56
Q

What French wine region was once part of Aragon?

A

Roussillon

57
Q

What is Solana?

A

Synonym for Levante (Wind)

58
Q

Number of months for Noble?

A

18 Months

59
Q

Number of months for Noble?

A

18 Months

60
Q

Number of months for Añejo?

A

24 Months (Mature)

61
Q

Number of months for Viejo?

A

36 Months (Old)

62
Q

What is the Spanish equivalent to the term gyropalette?

A

Girasol

63
Q

What is a Girasol?

A

Spanish “gyropalette”

64
Q

What producer is able to riddle in one hour?

A

Freixenet

65
Q

What is a Vino Generoso?

A

Fortified Wine

66
Q

What is the Spanish term for fortified wine?

A

Vino Generoso

67
Q

What are the only three grapes allowed in sherry production?

A

Palomino
Moscatel
PX

68
Q

What is destilado?

A

Distilled wine, usually Airén from La Mancha

69
Q

What is the largest autonomous region in Spain?

A

Castile y Leon

70
Q

What is the smallest autonomous region of Spain?

A

Islas Balearas

71
Q

What is the highest peak of Tramuntana?

A

Puig Major

72
Q

Where and what the tallest mountain range of the Iberian Peninsula?

A

Sistema Betico

Southern Range of Andalucia

73
Q

What is the only river to flow eastward into the Mediterranean?

A

Ebro

74
Q

What is the longest river on the Iberian Peninsula?

Spain?

A

Iberian = Tajo

Spain = Ebro

75
Q

Where does the Duero River originate?

A

Sistema Ibérico

76
Q

Where does the Ebro River Originate?

A

Codillera Cantabrica

(Longest river in Spain, drains into Mediterranean)

77
Q

What rivers empty into the Gulf of Cadiz?

A

Guadiana

Guadalquivir

78
Q

1925/26 - 1st Supervisory Board of Rioja (Official in ’50s) as a DO

1932 - Consejo Regulador de la Jerez-Sherry-Xeres

1970 - Regulations of DO System Approved

1970 - Rioja Vint. of Cent.
1978 - Constitution including all 17 Autos
1986 - Joined Eur. Econ. Community (EEC)
1993 - EEC became EU
1996 - Irrigation Legalized (Pioneered in ’70s)

A

1925/26 - 1st Supervisory Board of Rioja (Official in ’50s) as a DO

1932 - Consejo Regulador de la Jerez-Sherry-Xeres

1970 - Regulations of DO System Approved

1970 - Rioja Vint. of Cent.
1978 - Constitution including all 17 Autos
1986 - Joined Eur. Econ. Community (EEC)
1993 - EEC became EU
1996 - Irrigation Legalized (Pioneered in ’70s)

79
Q

In Europe Spain is the _________Largest?

Mountainous?

In Elevation?

A

Third Largest

Third Mountainous

Second Elevation

80
Q

Spain is _______% of the Iberian Peninsula?

A

85%

81
Q

What is the highest point of the Pirineos?

A

Aneto in Aragon

82
Q

Where is/are Picos de Europa?

A

Cordillera Cantabrica

(Crosses all 4 of Green Spain’s Autos)

83
Q

What Sistema separates The Meseta from the Ebro Valley?

A

Ibérico

84
Q

What are the two ranges of the Sistema Central?

A

Sierra Guadarrama

Sierra de Gredos
(Home of Pico Almanzor, Highest in Central)

85
Q

Where is Montes Toledo?

A

“On” the Meseta in
-La Mancha
-Extremadura

86
Q

What range is on the southern border of the Meseta?

A

Sierra Morena in Northern Andalucia

87
Q

What sistema resurfaces as Islas Baleares?

A

Sistema Betico

88
Q

What are the sub-divisions of the Sistema Betico?

A

Prebetica
Subbetica
Penibetica

89
Q

What three Autos does the Sistema Betico cross?

A

Andalucia>
Murcia>
Valencia

90
Q

Where is Sierra Nevada?

A

Andalucia>
Sistema Betico in the subdivision Penibetica

91
Q

What is Mulhalen?

A

The highest peak of the Sierra Nevada

92
Q

What land formation covers 1/5 of Spain?

A

Ebro Basin

93
Q

What ranges surround the Ebro Basin?

A

Cantabria
Ibérico
Pirineos

94
Q

What is the name of the lower basin of the Andalusian Plain?

A

La Camina (n needs tilde)

95
Q

What ranges surround the Andalusian Plain?

A

Sierra Moreno
Sistema Betico

96
Q

What is the heart of the Andalusian Plain?

A

Guadalquivir River Basin

97
Q

What are the three primary bodies of water in Spain?

A

Bay of Biscay
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean (Balearic) Sea

98
Q

When was irrigation legalized?

A

1996

99
Q

Where is metamorphic soil found?

A

Cordillera Cantabrica
Sistema Iberico
Cordillera Cost. Catalans
(The 3 Ebro Basins)

In Parts
Rioja, Aragon and Navarra

100
Q

What layers make up Llicorella?

A

Devonian Slate

Carboniferous Slate/Shale

101
Q

Where are sedimentary soils found?

A

Coastlines

The Meseta

102
Q

What two areas are most well known for volcanic soil?

A

Lanzarote (Eastern Most Canary)

Rias Baixas (Granite)

Spanish Wine Scholar 2024-25 (12 decks)

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