Fundamentals Flashcards
What are Spain’s three most-populated cities?
Madrid
Barcelona
Valencia
When was the original Consejo Regulador Spanish Denominación de Origen Jerez-Xeres-Sherry system established?
1932
The current Denominación de Origen system was established in which year?
1970
To which organization does each Consejo Regulador report?
Instituto Nacional de Denominaciones de Origen (National Institute)
To be considered for a promotion to DOCa/DOQ, how many years must a region be a DO?
Minimum ten
What are four quality standards set by the Consejo Regulador to become a DO?
Grape varieties
Production levels
Aging
Winemaking methods
(GPAW)
How many years must a Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VC) exist before applying for promotion to DO status?
Five
Under Vino de Pago (VP), a Pago has the ability to set its own production rules and standards. True or False?
TRUE
What additional piece of information must be present on a label for a sparkling wine over a still wine?
Sugar content
What is Spain’s highest peak?
Pico del Teide (Tenerife-Las Islas Canarias)
What are the two significant lowland areas in Spain?
Ebro Basin & Andalusian Plain
What is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula?
The Tajo River (Tagas)
Which major river flows into the Mediterranean Sea rather than westward into the Atlantic?
The Ebro River
What are the three main climate types on mainland Spain?
Maritime
Continental
Mediterranean
What is the climate of Las Islas Canarias?
Subtropical
Spain is composed of how many autonomous communities?
17
Which three autonomous regions in Spain produce approximately 60% of the wine?
Castilla-La Mancha
Cataluña
Rioja
Name the three most common vine training systems used in Spain.
Parral (pergola)
En Vaso (gobelet)
Espaldera (VSP)
Which vine planting method utilized a chessboard-like pattern?
Marco real
What is the primary purpose of “marco real?”
Minimize hydric (water) stress
Which method of trellising allows drip irrigation to be installed?
Espaldera (VSP)
What are Spain’s top five most-planted grape varieties?
Airén (#1 White)
Tempranillo (#1 Red)
Bobal (Red)
Garnacha Tinta
Macabeo/Viura
What is the name of the clay jars historically used to ferment grape must.
Tinajas
What is the time before release for a traditional Reserva vino rosado?
24 months
What are the two primary grapes used for vinos rosados?
Garnacha Tinta and Tempranillo
What is the Spanish term for the mixture of yeast and sugar used to initiate a second fermentation in a vino espumoso?
Licor de tiraje
Name the DO exclusively dedicated to vinos dulces.
DO Málaga
Where in Spain is the largest expanse of Malvasía vineyards in Europe?
DO Lanzarote (Las Islas Canarias)
Who started Vega Sicilia (in 1864) with cuttings of Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, and Merlot?
Eloy Lecanda
Where was the use of drip irrigation pioneered in the 1970s?
Estate of Marqués de Griñón in Toledo (VP Dominio de Valdepusa)
What is En Vaso?
Gobelet
What did the Phoenicians introduce to the Iberian Peninsula?
Iron
Olive Oil
Vitis Vinifera
Viti/Vini
Amphorae
What is Vinnum Ceretensis?
Roman “Mega Purple”
What is Nabibi?
Sweet Wine made from Raisins (8th century)
What was the Reconquista?
Symbolic name for the series of campaigns whereby Christian states began to recapture territory from the Moors.
Who created the first cava?
Raventós, Josep of Codorníu in 1872
By royal decree, in what year was Rioja’s first supervisory board created?
1926
What are the five primary rivers of Spain? (In length)
Tajo (Tagas)
Ebro
Duero
Guadiana
Guadalquivir
(TED Gs)
What is the longest river in Spain? The Iberian Peninsula?
Spain =Ebro
Iberian = Tajo (Tagas)
What are the three primary soil categories in Spain?
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Volcanic
What is llicorella?
Metamorphic slate of Priorat in Cataluña
What is the name of the soil of Priorat?
Llicorella
What is albariza?
Chalky soil of Jerez
What is the chalky soil of Jerez?
Albariza
What is the eastern most island of the Islas Canarias?
Lanzarote
What is the primary soil of Rías Baixas?
Granite
What is the Leveche?
Valencia Alicante
Hot, dry, dust-laden southwest wind from North Africa strongly affecting Valencia and Alicante
What wind affects Valencia and Alicante?
Leveche from North Africa
What is the Levante?
Aka Solana
Hot, easterly wind that is funneled between Cordillera Penibética and Atlas Mountains of North Africa
Blows over the Andalusian Plain
What is the Poniente?
Humid westerly through Jerez and Sanlucar
What is En Cabeza?
The head of the vine is trained downward to avoid sunburn
What is the cross for Cabernet Franc?
Morenoa
Hondaribbi Beltza
What is Gros Cabernet?
Hondarribi Beltza x
Fer
Carmenere is a cross of…
Cabernet Franc
Gros Cabernet (HBeltza x Fer)
What zones lie within The Meseta?
Castilla-La Mancha
Castilla y León
Communidad de Madrid
Extremadura
Aragón (in part)
Navarra (in part)
What French wine region was once part of Aragon?
Roussillon
What is Solana?
Synonym for Levante (Wind)
Has A’s
Number of months for Noble?
18 Months
Number of months for Noble?
18 Months
Number of months for Añejo?
24 Months (Mature)
Number of months for Viejo?
36 Months (Old)
What is the Spanish equivalent to the term gyropalette?
Girasol
What is a Girasol?
Spanish “gyropalette”
What producer is able to riddle in one hour?
Freixenet
What is a Vino Generoso?
Fortified Wine
What is the Spanish term for fortified wine?
Vino Generoso
What are the only three grapes allowed in sherry production?
Palomino
Moscatel
PX
What is destilado?
Distilled wine, usually Airén from La Mancha
What is the largest autonomous region in Spain?
Castile y Leon
What is the smallest autonomous region of Spain?
Islas Balearas
What is the highest peak of Tramuntana?
Puig Major
Where and what the tallest mountain range of the Iberian Peninsula?
Sistema Betico
Southern Range of Andalucia
What is the only river to flow eastward into the Mediterranean?
Ebro
What is the longest river on the Iberian Peninsula?
Spain?
Iberian = Tajo
Spain = Ebro
Where does the Duero River originate?
Sistema Ibérico
Where does the Ebro River Originate?
Codillera Cantabrica
(Longest river in Spain, drains into Mediterranean)
What rivers empty into the Gulf of Cadiz?
Guadiana
Guadalquivir
1925/26 - 1st Supervisory Board of Rioja (Official in ’50s) as a DO
1932 - Consejo Regulador de la Jerez-Sherry-Xeres
1970 - Regulations of DO System Approved
1970 - Rioja Vint. of Cent.
1978 - Constitution including all 17 Autos
1986 - Joined Eur. Econ. Community (EEC)
1993 - EEC became EU
1996 - Irrigation Legalized (Pioneered in ’70s)
1925/26 - 1st Supervisory Board of Rioja (Official in ’50s) as a DO
1932 - Consejo Regulador de la Jerez-Sherry-Xeres
1970 - Regulations of DO System Approved
1970 - Rioja Vint. of Cent.
1978 - Constitution including all 17 Autos
1986 - Joined Eur. Econ. Community (EEC)
1993 - EEC became EU
1996 - Irrigation Legalized (Pioneered in ’70s)
In Europe Spain is the _________Largest?
Mountainous?
In Elevation?
Third Largest
Third Mountainous
Second Elevation
Spain is _______% of the Iberian Peninsula?
85%
What is the highest point of the Pirineos?
Aneto in Aragon
Where is/are Picos de Europa?
Cordillera Cantabrica
(Crosses all 4 of Green Spain’s Autos)
What Sistema separates The Meseta from the Ebro Valley?
Ibérico
What are the two ranges of the Sistema Central?
Sierra Guadarrama
Sierra de Gredos
(Home of Pico Almanzor, Highest in Central)
Where is Montes Toledo?
“On” the Meseta in
-La Mancha
-Extremadura
What range is on the southern border of the Meseta?
Sierra Morena in Northern Andalucia
What sistema resurfaces as Islas Baleares?
Sistema Betico
What are the sub-divisions of the Sistema Betico?
Prebetica
Subbetica
Penibetica
What three Autos does the Sistema Betico cross?
Andalucia>
Murcia>
Valencia
Where is Sierra Nevada?
Andalucia>
Sistema Betico in the subdivision Penibetica
What is Mulhalen?
The highest peak of the Sierra Nevada
What land formation covers 1/5 of Spain?
Ebro Basin
What ranges surround the Ebro Basin?
Cantabria
Ibérico
Pirineos
What is the name of the lower basin of the Andalusian Plain?
La Camiña
What ranges surround the Andalusian Plain?
Sierra Moreno
Sistema Betico
What is the heart of the Andalusian Plain?
Guadalquivir River Basin
What are the three primary bodies of water in Spain?
Bay of Biscay
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean (Balearic) Sea
When was irrigation legalized?
1996
Where is metamorphic soil found?
Cordillera Cantabrica
Sistema Iberico
Cordillera Cost. Catalans
(The 3 Ebro Basins)
In Parts
Rioja, Aragon and Navarra
What layers make up Llicorella?
Devonian Slate
Carboniferous Slate/Shale
Where are sedimentary soils found?
Coastlines
The Meseta
What two areas are most well known for volcanic soil?
Lanzarote (Eastern Most Canary)
Rias Baixas (Granite)
What are Motillas?
Manmade mounds of stone and mud.
Oldest form Collecting Ground Water (2200 BCE)
What are the top five planted grapes in the world?
- Cab Sav
- Merlot
- Tempranillo
- Airen
- Chardonnay
What is Doble Pasta?
Think Double Pass/Pulp
Add crushed grapes to a vat that has been partially bled after two days of fermentation.
Big Ole Tannin and Color
What DO’s are known for Doble Pasta?
Utiel-Requena (Valencia)
Manchuela (Castilla La Mancha)
Not in Glossary
Alicante (Valencia)
Jumilla & Yecla (Murcia)
What grapes make up the Honarribi Zuri ‘grape’?
Courbu Blanc
Crouchen
Noah (Hybrid)