Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Dental Materials > Fundamentals 1 > Flashcards

Fundamentals 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three PRIMARY atomic bonds?

A

Ionic
Covalent
Metallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ionic bonds are a type of _______ bond which create ________.

A

Primary atomic, ceramics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Covalent bonds are a type of _______ bond which create ________.

A

Primary atomic, polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metallic bonds are a type of _______ bond which create ________.

A

Primary atomic, metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four properties of materials?

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Physical
  3. Mechanical
  4. Dimensional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between mechanical and physical properties of dental materials?

A

Mechanical properties have more to do with how much the material can WITHSTAND. Think strength, toughness, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, brittleness.

Physical properties are more in regards to the actual activity of the material. Think density conductivity sound transmission absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chemical properties include

A

Composition
Acidity or Alkalinity
Weathering
Corrosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are mechanical properties?

A

Change of material dimensions due to external forces such as mastication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Force is _______________ an object.

What is weight?

A

pushing or pulling and object

Weight is the force of GRAVITY on an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the formula for force?

A

F= Mass x Acceleration due to gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the units for mass? What about for weight?

A

Mass: Kg

Weight: N because we are considering the force of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Weight and Force both have Newton units. True or false?

What is the American version ?

A

True

lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Our mass is _______ on the Earth and Moon.

Our weight is ________ on Earth and Moon.

A

Same
Different due to force of gravity differences on Earth and Moon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______ and ________ are both units for force/weight.

A

Newtons and Pounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kg is a unit of weight. True or false?

A

FALSE

Kg is a measure of MASS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which teeth can apply and take a lot of force?

A

Molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which teeth are not very conducive to lots of mastication?

A

Incisors!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is stress?

A

Stress is ratio of Force/Area. This describes the DISTRIBUTION of force

Stress= F/A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the unit of stress?

A

Pascal

Since Stress = F / A this is the same as N/m^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A pascal is a unit of _________. It is represented as _________.

A

Stress

N/m^2 or Pounds per square inch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The smaller the surface area the ___________ the stress compared to applying the same load/force on an object with larger surface area

A

Larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

For example, when comparing a flat boot to a stiletto, which shoe is experiencing more stress?

A

Stiletto because less surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

100kg Man
Size 12 shoe
200cm^2 contact with ground
Stress: 0.05 MPa

50kg Woman
1.25 cm tall square heels
Contact area: 1.56cm^2
Stress: 32 MPa

Which one has higher load?
Which one has higher stress?

A

Load is higher on Man - Look at Weight

Stress is higher on Woman - Can also use F/A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A megapascal is ________ Pa

A gigapascal is ______ Pa

A

Mega- 10^6 Pa

Giga- 10^9 Pa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
If given the mass of an individual in kgs, how do we find Force?
x 9.81 for Gravity!
26
Elongation involves which forces?
Axial and tension
27
Compression involves which forces?
Axial, compression
28
Shear involves which forces?
Shear (opposite diretions)
29
Torsion involves which forces?
Twisting movement
30
Bending involves which forces?
Bending (flexion)
31
What is the difference between tension and compression?
Tension is pulling Compression is pushing
32
What is strain?
Strain = Change in length/ Original Length
33
What is the unit of strain?
NONE! Reported as a percent
34
What is stiffness?
Ability of a material to resist deformation How much force can the material support until it begins to deform.
35
What is strength?
Ability of a material to resist failure How much force can the material support until it fails?
36
What is elasticity and plasticity?
Elasticity- Reversible Deformation once stress is removed Plasticity- Permanent Deformation once stress is removed Plasticity is basically the stage when elasticity is not possible. There is a certain amount of load that can be applied to a material before it looses elasticity and becomes irreversibly deformed.
37
What is toughness?
Ability of material to absorb energy WITHOUT failure Aka Strength + ductility together Ex. Tennis ball or golf ball
38
What is ductility and brittleness?
Brittle materials DO NOT HAVE plastic deformation Ductile materials have high permanent deformation before they can break AKA, things that shatter quickly are brittle and do not go through shape changes before breaking.
39
What is hardness?
Hardness is the ability of the material to resist scratching by another material. Ex. Diamond is VERY hard because it can scratch other things but not often scratched itself.
40
What is creep?
How do all mechanical properties change with TIME?
41
Describe the difference between stiffness, strength, toughness, ductility, and hardness.
Stiffness is the ability of a material to resist deformation Strength is the ability of a material to resist failure Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy without failure. Ductility is the ability of a material to undergo severe plastic deformation before failure. Hardness is the ability of a material to resist, scratching by another material
42
What is fatigue?
How the material responds under cyclic loading. AKA mastication
43
Two materials can both exhibit plasticity. What feature could be different between these materials that can help us decided if one can undergo more permanent deformation than another?
Ductility
44
How do we measure mechanical properties?
Stress-Strain Curve (Force Displacement Diagram) We apply a TENSILE force (pull the material). The machine will measure 1. Force being applied (N or lbs) 2. Displacement of sample as force is applied until the sample breaks
45
Why can we not just use force to gather data regarding mechanical properties of a material?
Force is just the measure of the applied weight. HOWEVER, we need to consider the size of the material aka, Surface Area
46
Using _______ and _______of a material in an experiment; we can develop a ____________ curve.
force and displacement Stress- Strain Curve Stress: F/A^2 Strain: Change in displacement/ Original Length
47
What are the two regions of the Stress-Strain curve and what do they describe?
1. A linear region - Elastic Deformation region 2. A dip with growing into curve - Plastic Deformation Region
48
What point on the SSC signifies the ideal point for material design?
Elastic Deformation region / Linear part
49
What is stiffness and where is it found on the SSC?
Stiffness is the ability of a material to resist deformation. It is the SLOPE of the liner/elastic deformation portion of the SSC Modulus = Stress/ Strain
50
What is the proportional limit of SSC?
The tip of the elastic deformation section of SSC. The y-axis number will tell us the max amount of stress the object can withstand to be able to reform once the stress is removed.
51
What is the yield stress?
The first part of the non-linear portion that occurs on the SSC after the Elastic Deformation region. This is when the material is changing shape and enter the Plastic deformation section.
52
What is the maximum point of stress of an SCC? Where is failure indicated?
When the SSC begins curving down in the Plastic Deformation region The lowest point of the plastic deformation region at the end of the graph.
53
A material with a higher slope in the elastic portion of the SSC is __________.
STIFFER More stress needs to be placed to cause a displacement Rise/Run! AKA steeper
54
How can strength be read on an SSC?
Look at the Yield Stress. Remember strength is the ability of a material to withstand force without failure. The yield stress will tell you at what amount of force plastic deformation could start at. Compounds with a higher yeild stress are STRONGER.
55
Brittle materials will only have a __________ on an SSC because ____________
Linear portion on the SSC because they only have elastic deformation DUCTILE materials will have the elastic and plastic portion
56
How do you read stiffness and strength on an SSC?
Stiffness: Compare SLOPE of linear portion. High slope, more stiff Strength: Compare Yield Stress. High stress, stronger
57
All molecules that are stiff are strong. True or False
FALSE Sometimes, materials that are stiff may be weak due to a lower yield stress but in the elastic deformation region, can take a LOT of stress with little change to shape.
58
What two key properties can be calculated from an SSC? How can they be calculated?
1. Resilience Ability of material to absorb energy in the ELASTIC region or energy needed to cross over to plastic deformation. Measure area under curve of ELASTIC region 2. Toughness Energy required to completley fracture the material Measure area under ENTIRE curve
59
________ have LOW resilience.
Glass
60
Glass is ______ which means on an SSC_______.
Brittle, does NOT have plastic deformation portion.
61
Tension has _____ stress and _____ deformation. Compression has _____ stress and _____ deformation. Bending has _____ stress and _____ deformation.
Positive, Positive Negative, Negative Positive stress, Positive DEFLECTION Bending is tricky! The middle portion of the sample will experience compression while the outer portions will experience tension. Deflection is where the middle of the sample bends down. We measure how much bending is happening.
62
We measure deformation in compression, tension and bending. True or false.
FALSE Bending measures DEFLECTION
63
What is the elastic modulus?
Stress/Strain of SSC in elastic region SLOPE
64
Dentin has a _______ elastic modulus than enamel. Dentin has a _________-
lower This means it is less stiff (more flexible)
65
The proportional limit is still in the elastic region. True or False
True
66
The yield strength is located ______ the proportional limit.
AFTER
67
Material with the highest stiffness
Ceramic
68
Material with highest strength
Ceramic
69
Material with the highest toughness
Metal
70
Highest yield strength
Metal
71
Highest ductility
Polymer
72
Highest resilience
Metal
73
On an SSC how do we asses the following? Stiffness Strength Ductility Toughness Resilience Yield Strength
Stiffness - Slope of elastic linear portion Strength- Yield Strength point or highest Y-axis Ductility - Furthest point on x-axis Toughness - Area under WHOLE curve Resilience- Area under elastic portion Yield Strength- Where plastic deformation starts AFTER PL
74
Yield strength only exists for compounds with _________.
Plastic deformation as well
74
Why is the furthest point on the x-axis used to determine ductility?
This material has the largest displacement before it fractures meaning it can withstand lots of plastic deformation before fracturing.

Dental Materials (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions