Biocompatibility Flashcards
What is biocompatibility?
Material can perform its function without eliciting any undesirable effects in the recipient of that therapy
Is the material compatible with our bodies?
All biomaterial related reactions are the same.
True or False
False
What are the 4 types of interfaces that are normally present on teeth?
- Interface between material and oral cavity
- Interface between material and pulp tubules
3.Interface between material and periodontium
4.Interface between material and periapical bone
All interfaces react the same to biomaterial.
True or False ?
FALSE
Dental materials may release certain substances which can cause _________
Toxicity
Immunotoxicity
Systemic Toxicity
Local Toxicity
Toxicity
Damage of biological systems by chemical means
Immunotoxicity
Alteration of immune cells
Leads to impaired host defense, and tissue damage
Systemic Toxicity
Affect the entire body or many organs rather than a specific site
Local Toxicity
Affect the oral cavity, including mucosa of pulp and bone
Mutagenicity
Ability of a substance to pass genetic damage onto next generation
Ni, Cu, Be
Nickle, Copper, Beryllium
Carcinogenicity
Ability of a substance to induce malignant tumors
Genotoxicity
Ability of a substance to cause alterations of the DNA genome
Biocompatibility is a property of the material.
True or False
FALSE
Biocompatibility is not a property of a material, but rather a property of how the material reacts with its local environment
Each environment will have a different reaction to the same material
How can we asses biocompatibility?
In-vitro Tests
Direct
Indirect Test
Animal Test
Usage Test
In-vitro Test
Lab Test
Studies are performed outside normal biological context.
Place MATERIAL IN CONTACT with a cell, enzyme or some isolated biological system
We create a clinical mimic
What two cells do we use for In -Vitro test?
We can use PRIMARY CELLS which are taken directly from animal and cultured. They are grown for a limited time and retain in -vivo characteristics.
We can use CELL LINES which are transformed cells to grow indefinitely. This can keep undergoing division and has a more homogenous population. This does not retain in vivo conditions as they lose genes during replication.
Primary cells are personalized while cell lines are not.
True or False
True
ISO
International Standard Organization
Gives protocols to asses things such as cytotoxicity, metabolism or mutagenesis
Direct In-Vivo Test
3 Techniques
Place material in direct contact with cells
Transwell: Material will release substances through a filter that will be taken up by cells
Cell seeded directly onto material
Extracts: Let the cells leech the material for 24 hours then place them in a growth medium
What are microscopic characteristics of cytotoxicity?
Morphology
Vacuolization
Detachment
Cell Lysis
Membrane Integrity
What are the quantitative characteristics of cytotoxicity?
Counting live, or dead cells
Measuring metabolism
Measuring cell proliferation
Measuring cellular secretions
Flourescent Microscopy
Stain the cell that will fluoresce red when cell is dead and green when cell is alive.
Cell Metabolism is a ________ measure.
How does it work?
Quantitative Measure
The test is colorimetric meaning that the cell will uptake a chemical and produce a color indicative of metabolism activity.
The darker the color the higher the activity
Indirect Tests
3 types
A barrier is placed between the biomaterial and cell to better represent in-vivo condition.
Agar Overlay
Dentin Barrier
Millipore Filter Assay
