fundamental skills lectures 1 and 2

Question 1

what is Athena swan?

Answer 1

the recognition scheme of commitment to gender equality in uk universities

Question 2

what are the 10 principles of Athena swan

Answer 2

recognise all talents, advance gender equality, tackle gender pay gap, remove obstacles, recognise disciplinary differences, address short term contacts, consider intersectionality, tackle discrimination against trans people, make structural and cultural changes, demonstrate senior commitment

Question 3

what is diversity?

Answer 3

every individual is diverse due to their unique skills, expertise and combination of characteristics. a group can be diverse and should be but only if there’s a mix of people

Question 4

what is equality?

Answer 4

ensuring that people are given opportunities based on their skills and abilities, many people face challenges everyday because of characteristics. many sectors have yet to achieve equality in their staff such as higher education

Question 5

why is equality and diversity important?

Answer 5

unfair to deny any opportunity to someone based on characteristics. opportunities should be given based on skills and a diverse working group improves ideas by bringing in a new and wide variety of perspectives and experiences

Question 6

what are the protected characteristics of the equality act 2010?

Answer 6

age, disability, race, sex, sexual orientation, religion, pregnancy and maternity, marital, gender reassignment

Question 7

what are barriers?

Answer 7

the protected characteristics are not the problem, the structures and systems of power against them are. such as being a female wasn’t a barrier, the patriarchy is

Question 8

what is intersectionality?

Answer 8

equality act breaks down characteristics at an individual level, real people are multifaceted

Question 9

what is ordinary direct discrimination?

Answer 9

when someone is treated less favourably than others because of a protected characteristic they possess

Question 10

what is discrimination by association?

Answer 10

when someone is treated less favourably than others because of a protected characteristic of someone they are associated with

Question 11

what is direct discrimination by perception?

Answer 11

when someone is treated less favourably than others because of a protected characteristic they are thought to have

Question 12

what is harassment?

Answer 12

it is unwanted conduct and must be related to a relevant protected characteristic or be of a sexual nature.
harassment has the purpose or effect of violating a persons dignity or creating an intimidation, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment

Question 13

what is victimisation?

Answer 13

when an employee suffers a detriment because they have made an allegation of discrimination, supported a complaint of discrimination, given evidence relating to a complaint about discrimination or raised of grievance concerning equality or discrimination

Question 14

what is intellectual property?

Answer 14

something that you create using your mind eg an invention. having the right type of intellectual property stops people stealing or copying your ideas

Question 15

what are patents?

Answer 15

it is a grant given by the government to inventor, giving the inventor the right to stop others for a limited period from making, using or selling the invention without their permission
the invention must be new, inventive and something that can be used or made

Question 16

what is entrepreneurship?

Answer 16

the exploitation of opportunity without regard to the current availability of resources

Question 17

what is value proposition?

Answer 17

the bundle of products and servixs that create value for the specific customer segment.

Question 18

what is a mission statement / purpose?

Answer 18

defining the company’s purpose in a single declarative sentence

Question 19

what is stage 0- discovery research?

Answer 19

Theearliest stage of a research project. Fundamental discovery research takes place, andpreliminary data is collected to establish the feasibility of an idea.
This stage can typically take 3-5 years.

Question 20

what is stage 1- ideas and identification?

Answer 20

Following successful preliminary data collection, further studies are conducted tosolidify the research hypothesis, and identify target disease mechanisms or screen therapeutics.
This stage can typically take 3-5 years.
Intellectual property is important at this stage

Question 21

what is stage 2- early concept validation?

Answer 21

At this stage, the project has identified target compounds and hasobtained substantial evidence to support progression towards clinical trials.
This stage can typically take 3-5 years.

Question 22

what is stage 3- concept progression?

Answer 22

At this stage, the projectrevolves around formulation and stability testing for product manufacturing, and the identification of routes of preclinical candidates.
Focus is placed on the delivery ofscalable and reproducible manufacturing
This stage can typically take around 1-2 years.

Question 23

what is stage 4- scale up of concept?

Answer 23

After ensuring Good Manufacturing Practice of the therapeutics and receiving all necessary approvals, the product is ready for testing in preclinical, phase I & phase II clinical trials.
Determine dosing & treatment population in preparation for phase III
This stage can typically take 5 - 6 years

Question 24

what is stage 5 - end goal/exit?

Answer 24

The product is now ready to be registered, clinical trials (III) are completed and post-market testing is conducted.
This stage can typically take around 1-2 years.

Question 25

what are charity grants?

Answer 25

Can decide their own strategic plans, no ties to government priorities e.g. Wellcome trust

from 50k-5m and during stages 0-4

Question 26

what are research council grants?

Answer 26

Government money. Aligned to government strategic priorities
e.g. BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
from stages 0-4 and from 50k-5m

Question 27

what are competitions?

Answer 27

Many different spin-out/start-up competitions are run across the globe
Eligibility depends on the company/institution offering the money

Small pots of money (up to £50k) but you keep your equity and during stage 0-4

Question 28

what are fellowships?

Answer 28

Pay lead applicants salary & research costs
Offered by research councils and charities
50-500k
from stage 1- 2

Question 29

what are angel investors?

Answer 29

Angel investors invest their own money in exchange for a small stake in the company.

They may want to be personally involved in the company.
Often invest in early stage companies/ideas
50k-1m during stages 3-5

Question 30

what are venture capital fund?

Answer 30

VC funds are pools of money from multiple sources, managed by a fund manager.

Venture capital funding is better for more established business ideas
from stages 3-5 and 500k-100m