Functions of the Judiciary

Question 1

Main Focus

Answer 1

Interprets laws

Question 2

Judicial Power

Answer 2

Hears cases involving the Constitution, laws, and treaties.
Example: In Texas v. Johnson (1989), the Supreme Court ruled flag burning was protected speech.

Question 3

Jurisdiction

Answer 3

Decides cases involving states, ambassadors, and federal law.
Example: In United States v. Nixon (1974), the Court ordered Nixon to release the Watergate tapes.

Question 4

Original Jurisdiction

Answer 4

Hears cases directly involving states or foreign diplomats.
Example: New Jersey v. New York (1998) resolved a boundary dispute between the two states.

Question 5

Appellate Jurisdiction

Answer 5

Reviews lower court decisions.
Example: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturned racial segregation in schools.

Question 6

Lifetime Tenure

Answer 6

Federal judges serve for life under “good behavior.”
Example: Clarence Thomas (since 1991) has served as a Supreme Court Justice for over 30 years.

Question 7

Judicial Review

Answer 7

Declares laws and executive actions unconstitutional.
Example: Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the Court’s power of judicial review.