Functioning Systems Flashcards
“Troph”
Referring to the source of nutrients or nutrient matter.
Autotroph
Organism that is capable of synthesizing it own organic food molecules from inorganic substances.
Chemotroph
Chemotrophic organism obtain their energy through the oxidation of inorganic substances, such as iron, sulfur and nitrogen.
Hemotroph
Organism that cannot manufacture its own food, so it obtains food and energy by consuming plant or animal matter.
Photosynthesis
Occurs in chlorophyll.
6CO2 + 12H2O -Sunlight & Chlorophyll- C6H1206 + 6O2 +6H2O
Glycolysis
Occurs in the cytosol of cells. Initial reactant is glucose and the final product is two molecules of pyruvate. All organisms carry out glycolysis for their source of energy or as the first step in gaining sufficient ATP.
Explain Aerobic Respiration
The two pyruvate molecules made in glycolysis go to the mitochondrion which then uses it to make ATP. Uses glucose and oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water.
ATP
It picks up energy from energy-releasing reactions and transfers it to energy -requiring ones. ATP is a molecule containing adenosine attached to a sugar group (ribose), which is bound to a chain of three phosphate groups. When a cell requires energy to drive a reaction, the high energy chemical bonds attaching the last phosphate group to ATP are broken, releasing stored energy.
Anaerobic Respiration
Glycolysis happens then fermentation which creates ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
Stimulus
A signal that causes a response.
Thermoreceptor
A sensory cell or organ that detects temperature changes.
Thermoregulation
Temperature regulation.
Receptor
A structure that detects or receives a stimulus.
Effector
An organ, cell or protein that acts in response to a stimulus.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
A form of anaerobic respiration (no oxygen present) that occurs in animal cells and some anaerobic bacteria; glucose is converted to lactic acid.
