functioning systems

Question 1

xylem

Answer 1

Xylem consists of dead thick-walled
tubes and is responsible for the transport of water and minerals upwards from the roots to the leaves.

Question 2

The endocrine system

Answer 2

The endocrine system receives messages from the body and responds by sending out hormones. Hormones
are made in glands and travel in the bloodstream until they bind
to the target tissue or organ that interprets the message and carries out the response.

Question 2

Digestive system

Answer 2

The digestive system physically and chemically breaks down food into smaller pieces and then into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 2

phloem

Answer 2

carries sugars produced in photosynthesis throughout the plant (either up or down) for use by cells in cellular respiration, for structure and for storage.

Question 3

lignin

Answer 3

a complex polymer substance found in xylem cell walls where it provides strength and structure to the cell
wall and the plant

Question 4

adhesion

Answer 4

attraction between water molecules and the walls
of xylem vessels that creates an upwards pull for water in the xylem

Question 5

cohesion

Answer 5

the strong forces that exist between water
molecules and aid water movement upwards in the xylem (keeps water molecules together)

Question 6

root pressure

Answer 6

the force that contributes a small amount of
force to push water up the stem from the roots

Question 7

stomata

Answer 7

the holes or openings in
leaves and some stems that open and close to control the movement of gases into and out of the plant and control water loss

Question 8

system

Answer 8

a number of organs that work together to perform
a function

Question 9

translocation

Answer 9

movement in the phloem that transports sucrose, along with some amino acids and some mineral
salts, from a site of synthesis to a site of use or storage

Question 10

transpiration

Answer 10

the loss of water from plants through evaporation from the moist inside cells of a leaf and diffusion of water vapour out of open stomata

Question 11

mechanical digestion

Answer 11

large pieces of food are broken down into smaller pieces through chewing, muscular movement in the stomach and the action of bile in the small intestine

Question 12

chemical digestion

Answer 12

occurs when enzymes speed up the breakdown of complex molecules into simple molecules so absorption can take place

Question 13

mouth cavity

Answer 13

mechanical digestion by teeth

Question 14

liver

Answer 14

produces bile

Question 15

bile

Answer 15

is produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, bile is not an enzyme it is involved in mechanical digestion of fats due to its detergent like-like action

Question 16

gall bladder

Answer 16

stores bile and releases it into the small intestine

Question 17

rectum

Answer 17

where faeces are formed

Question 18

oesophagus

Answer 18

carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 19

stomach

Answer 19

mechanical digestion by churning action, chemical digestion by pepsin

Question 20

pyloric sphincter

Answer 20

band on circular muscle that regulates flow of material from stomach to duodenum

Question 21

pancreas

Answer 21

produces pancreatic juice containing enzymes for digesting

Question 22

chyme

Answer 22

contents of the stomach consisting of of partially digested food

Question 23

colon

Answer 23

first section of large intestine where water, minerals and vitamins are absorbed into the blood

Question 24

egestion

Answer 24

the removal of faeces from the digestive system through the anus

Question 25

epidermis

Answer 25

the surface layer of cells in plants and animals, generally responsible for separating and protecting the organism form its external environment

Question 26

external environment

Answer 26

surrounding and organism ad inside the digestive, respiratory and excretory systems

Question 27

internal environment

Answer 27

all fluids that surround and bathe the cells, including tissue, fluid, blood and lymph

Question 28

large intestine

Answer 28

consists of colon and rectum, absorb water and some salts back into the blood and to compact undigested food material to form faeces

Question 29

organ

Answer 29

a structure made up of different types of tissue working together

Question 30

peristalsis

Answer 30

waves of muscular contractions that push food down the oesophagus and through the length of the gut to the anus

Question 31

protease

Answer 31

a protein digesting enzyme

Question 32

small intestine

Answer 32

the longest part of the gastrointestinal tract, where digestion is completed and most absorption of digested food occurs

Question 33

system

Answer 33

a number or organs that work together to perform a function