Functional Neuroanatomy of Movement Disorders

Question 1

What does the primary motor cortex do?

Answer 1

Execute movements on opp side of body, motor planning

Question 2

What are the 3 levels in the UMN?

Answer 2

Cortical grey matter, white matter tracts and spinal tracts

Question 3

What are the 5 levels in the LMN?

Answer 3

Ventral horn of spinal cord, cauda equina, peripheral nerve, NMJ and motor neurons

Question 4

UMN lesion clinical picture

Answer 4

Paralysis of movement, hypertonic, hopping rabbit posture, moderate muscle wasting, inc reflexes and babinski sign

Question 5

LMN lesion clinical picture

Answer 5

Paralysis of individual muscles, hypotonic muscles, muscle wasting and reflexes absent

Question 6

3 parts of the basal ganglia

Answer 6

Caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

Question 7

What is the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 7

Putamen and globus pallidus

Question 8

What is the corpus striatum?

Answer 8

Putamen and caudate nucleus, they are functionally related

Question 9

What system is involved in emotions?

Answer 9

Limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus)

Question 10

List some hyperkinetic disorders

Answer 10

Chorea, ballismus and athetosis

Question 11

What disease is related to hypokinetic disorders?

Answer 11

Parkinson’s disease

Question 12

3 main features of PD?

Answer 12

Tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity

Question 13

Characteristics of huntington’s disease

Answer 13

Loss of GABA-releasing neurons of corpus striatum, chorea, dementia, unsteadiness and speech problems

Question 14

How to assess the cerebellum?

Answer 14

Dysdiadokokinesis
Ataxia (finger-nose, heel-shin)
Nystagmus (invol eye movements)
Intention tremor
Speech disturbance
Hypotonia