TMJ and Swallowing

Question 1

What are the stages of swallowing?

Answer 1

Voluntary Oral phase (mastication)
Involuntary Pharyngeal phase (rapid)
Involuntary Oesophageal phase (Peristalsis)

Question 2

What are the 4 muscles involved in mastication?

Answer 2

Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid and Lateral Pterygoid

Question 3

What are the 3 zones of the pharynx?

Answer 3

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 4

What is the central control of swallowing?

Answer 4

brainstem, swallowing centre in medulla oblongata and pons, swallowing is controlled by CN V/VII/IX/X

Question 5

What is bulbar palsy?

Answer 5

Lower motor neurone dysphagia (food sticks)

Question 6

What is pseudobulbar palsy?

Answer 6

Upper motor neuron dysphagia (food sticks)

Question 7

What is the neuronal involvement of the gag reflex?

Answer 7

Sensory input mediated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and motor output mediated via vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves