Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bilogical Foundations > Functional groups > Flashcards

Functional groups Flashcards

1
Q

What are functional groups?

A

Functional groups are little attachments to the carbon backbone that
gives some kind of property to that molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a carbonyl?

A

A double-bonded oxygen atom attached to a carbon backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an aldehyde?

A

The carbonyl is attached to at least one H atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a ketone?

A

Carbonyl is attached to two other carbon atoms that are part of alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aromatic groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?

A

A ketone will have 2 carbons connected to it along with the oxygen whereas an aldehyde will have one carbon connected to it and a hydrogen as well as a double-bonded oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are ketones and aldehydes found in nature?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do aldehydes and ketones have low molecular masses?

A

No, they have high molecular masses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do ketones and aldehydes have pleasant odours and flavours?

A

Yes. aldehydes in things like cinnamon, and vanilla and ketones in things like mint plants and butter. and are both commonly used in perfumes and air fresheners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are carbonyls polar or non-polar?

A

Polar which makes it water-soluble.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the oxidation and reduction of aldehydes?

A

Primary alcohol oxidates to an aldehyde and then oxidates again to a carboxylic acid. Aldehydes can be reduced back to a primary alcohol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the oxidation and reduction of ketones?

A

Secondary alcohol oxidates to ketones and then there is no further oxidation. a ketone can be reduced back to a secondary alcohol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a carboxylic acid?

A

An organic compound whose functional group is the carboxyl functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a carboxyl group?

A

A carbonyl group (C=O) with a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structural representation of a carboxylic acid?

A

RCOOH = a carboxylic acid
—- COOH = a carboxyl group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name Some Common Carboxylic Acids

A

Acetic acid – vinegar
Oxalic acid – spinach, cabbage and rhubarb
Lactic acid – sour milk, sauerkraut, and dill pickles… and our muscles and red blood cells create it when exercising
Malic acid & tartaric acid – naturally in fruits
Citric acid – used in beverages and foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What changes to the carboxylic acid if added to water?

A

Hydrogen ion transfer occurs to produce hydronium ion and carboxylate ion

17
Q

Are carboxylate acids weak or strong?

A

Weak

18
Q

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is a substance that breaks down to donate a

A

Proton/H+ ion _ to some other substance

19
Q

A Brønsted-Lowry base is a substance that can accept a

A

Proton/H+ ion _ from some other substance

20
Q

Polyfunctional Carboxylic Acids Hydroxy Acids

A

Contain at least one hydroxyl group and are naturally present in many foods

21
Q

Keto acids

A

Contain a carbonyl group within a carbon chain
Has an odor resembling that of vinegar.

22
Q

Fatty acids

A

Naturally occurring monocarboxylic acids with linear (unbranched) carbon chain
Have an even number of carbon atoms

23
Q

How many carbon atoms does a long-chain fatty acid have?

A

12-26

24
Q

How many carbon atoms does a Medium-chain fatty acid have?

A

8-10

25
Q

How many carbon atoms does a Short-chain fatty acid have?

A

4-6

26
Q

What are the two types of fatty acids?

A

Saturated - All C–C bonds are single bonds and Unsaturated
* Monounsaturated
* Polyunsaturated

27
Q

What is Monounsaturated fatty acid?

A

Fatty acid with a carbon chain in which one carbon-carbon double bond is present

28
Q

What is Polyunsaturated fatty acid?

A

Fatty acid with a carbon chain in which two or more carbon-carbon double bond is present

29
Q

when does a fatty acid chain bends increase?

A

Number of “bends” in a fatty acid chain increases as the number of double bonds increases.
-Less packing occurs
-The melting point is lower
-Tend to be liquid at room temperature

30
Q

What is the simplest aldehyde?

A

Formaldehyde

31
Q

what is the simplest ketone?

A

Acetone

Bilogical Foundations (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions