Functional Groups. Flashcards
What is the functional group in an alkane?
C-C single bond
What is the functional group in an alkene?
C=C double bond
What is the functional group in an alkyne?
C-C triple bond
What is the functional group of alcohols?
OH group
Hydroxyl group
The hydroxyl group is found in what family of compounds?
Alcohols
What ending does a compound receive if it contains an OH group?
ol
What is the functional group of amines?
An amine/amino group
A derivative of ammonia where one or more H atoms are replaced with alkyl/aryl groups
How are amines classified?
According to the number of carbons directly attached to the nitrogen
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
How are molecules containing derivatives of ammonia named?
Replace the ‘e’ with amine
How is an amine named if the nitrogen forms part of the carbon chain or branches of from it?
N-dimethylbutan-1-amine etc
What is the functional group of ethers?
R-O-R’
What family of compound have an R-O-R’ group?
Ethers
What is the ROR’ group called?
Ether group
Ether linkage
What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?
Carboxyl group
What is an COH group called
Carbonyl group
What is a COOH group called?
Carboxyl group
How are compounds containing a COOH group named?
oic acid
What is a COOX group?
Carboxylic acid derivative
What is the functional group of esters?
RCOOR’
What group of compounds contain RCOOR’ groups?
Esters
What is the RCOOR’ group called?
Ester link
What is the functional group of amides?
COO(amino group)
O double bonded to C thats single bonded to a N
How are ethers named?
3
All get ending ‘ether’
Alphabetical order of alkyl groups on either side of O
Ethyl methyl ether
How are esters named?
ending of oate
How are amides named?
ending = amide
Cyclic = lactam
What is the functional group of aldehydes?
Carbonyl group (-CHO)
RCOH
What is the functional group of ketones?
Carbonyl group -C(O)-
RCOR
How are aldehydes named?
alkane - al
Cyclic = carbaldehyde
How are ketones named?
one ending
