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1.2 Organic Chemistry > Functional Groups > Flashcards

Functional Groups Flashcards

1
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A functional group (FG) is a specific atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical & physical properties

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2
Q

What usually occurs at a functional group site?

A

A FG is usually the site of chemical reactivity in an organic molecule

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3
Q

What does a functional group determine?

4

A

A molecule’s geometry

Physical properties

Chemical properties

Biological reactivity

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4
Q

What is a functional group bonded to?

A

A carbon backbone or skeleton

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5
Q

Why do alkanes not represent a functional group?

A

Because their bonds are strong, nonpolar and not readily broken, i.e. it is because alkanes are relatively unreactive molecules

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6
Q

What is a heteroatom?

A

Any atom other than C and H in organic chemistry

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7
Q

What is the functional group of alkenes?

A

The C=C double bond

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8
Q

What ending is associated with a double bond?

A

ene

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9
Q

What is the functional group of alkynes?

A

The C-C triple bond

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10
Q

What ending is associated with a C-C triple bond?

A

yne

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11
Q

What is the functional group of haloalkanes?

A

The halogen represented by X

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12
Q

What prefix is associated with a halogen?

A

halo

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13
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

OH connected to an alkyl group

ROH

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14
Q

What ending is associated with an OH group?

A

ol

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15
Q

What is the functional group of ethers?

A

O connected to two alkyl groups

ROR’

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16
Q

What naming is associated with an O group?

A

oxy - ane

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17
Q

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

A

Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond with a hydrogen and an alkyl group

RCHO

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18
Q

What ending is associated with aldehydes?

A

al

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19
Q

What is the functional group of a ketone?

A

Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, with two single bonds to two alkyl groups

RCOR’

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20
Q

What is the ending associated with ketones?

A

one

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21
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

A

Central carbon double bonded to oxygen, single bond with an OH group, single bond with an alkyl group

RCOOH

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22
Q

What is the ending associated with carboxylic acids?

A

oic acid

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23
Q

What is the functional group of esters?

A

Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond to an alkyl group, single bond to an OR group

RCOOR’

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24
Q

What is the ending associated with esters?

A

yl oate

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25
What is the functional group of an amide?
Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond to an alkyl group, single bond to a NH2 group CORNH2
26
What is the ending associated with an amide?
amide
27
What is the functional group of an acyl halide?
Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond to an alkyl group, single bond to a halogen RCOX
28
What is the ending associated with an acyl halide?
oyl halide
29
What is the functional group of an acid anhydride?
Two Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond to an alkyl group, both single bond to another oxygen COROCOR
30
What ending is associated with acid anhydrides?
oic anhydride
31
What is similar about aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, acyl halides and acid anhydrides?
They al contain a COR group - a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and a single bond to an alkyl group
32
What are the two nitrogen based groups?
Amines Nitriles
33
What is the functional group of amines?
NH2 (connected to an alkyl group)
34
What ending is associated with amines?
amine
35
What is the functional group nitriles?
C-N triple bond (c connected to an alkyl group)
36
What ending associated with nitriles?
Nitriles
37
What is the one sulfur based group?
Thiols
38
What is the functional group of thiols?
SH (connected to an R)
39
What ending is associated with thiols?
thiol
40
What is the name of the functional group of alkenes?
Alkenyl
41
What is the name of the functional group of alkynes?
Alkynyl
42
What is the name of the ROH group?
hydroxyl group
43
What family does a hydroxyl group, ROH, belong to?
Alcohols
44
What is the name of the RCOR' group?
Carbonyl group
45
What family does a carbonyl group, RCOR', belong to?
Ketones
46
What is the name of the RCHO group?
Aldehyde
47
What family does an aldehyde group, RCHO, belong to?
RCHO
48
What is the name of the RCOOH group?
Carboxyl
49
What family does a carboxyl group, RCOOH, belong to?
Carboxylic acids
50
What is the name of the RCOOR' group?
Carboalkoxy group
51
What family does a carboalkoxy group, RCOOR', belong to?
Esters
52
What is the name of the ROR' group?
Ether
53
What family does an ether group, ROR', belong to?
Ethers
54
What is the name of the RCOX group?
Haloformyl group
55
What family does the haloformyl group, RCOX, belong to?
Acyl halides
56
What is the name of the RCONR'R" group?
Carboxamide group
57
What family does the carboxamide group, RCONR'R", belong to?
Amides
58
What is the name of the R3N group?
Amines
59
What family does the amines group, R3N, belong to?
Amines
60
What is the name of the RCN group?
Nitrile
61
What family does the nitrile group, RCN group belong to?
Nitriles
62
What is the name of the RSH group?
Sulfhydryl group
63
What family does the sulfhydryl group, RSH, belong to?
Thiol

1.2 Organic Chemistry (15 decks)

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