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1.2 Organic Chemistry > Functional Groups > Flashcards

Functional Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A functional group (FG) is a specific atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical & physical properties

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2
Q

What usually occurs at a functional group site?

A

A FG is usually the site of chemical reactivity in an organic molecule

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3
Q

What does a functional group determine?

4

A

A molecule’s geometry

Physical properties

Chemical properties

Biological reactivity

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4
Q

What is a functional group bonded to?

A

A carbon backbone or skeleton

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5
Q

Why do alkanes not represent a functional group?

A

Because their bonds are strong, nonpolar and not readily broken, i.e. it is because alkanes are relatively unreactive molecules

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6
Q

What is a heteroatom?

A

Any atom other than C and H in organic chemistry

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7
Q

What is the functional group of alkenes?

A

The C=C double bond

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8
Q

What ending is associated with a double bond?

A

ene

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9
Q

What is the functional group of alkynes?

A

The C-C triple bond

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10
Q

What ending is associated with a C-C triple bond?

A

yne

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11
Q

What is the functional group of haloalkanes?

A

The halogen represented by X

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12
Q

What prefix is associated with a halogen?

A

halo

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13
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

OH connected to an alkyl group

ROH

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14
Q

What ending is associated with an OH group?

A

ol

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15
Q

What is the functional group of ethers?

A

O connected to two alkyl groups

ROR’

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16
Q

What naming is associated with an O group?

A

oxy - ane

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17
Q

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

A

Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond with a hydrogen and an alkyl group

RCHO

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18
Q

What ending is associated with aldehydes?

A

al

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19
Q

What is the functional group of a ketone?

A

Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, with two single bonds to two alkyl groups

RCOR’

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20
Q

What is the ending associated with ketones?

A

one

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21
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

A

Central carbon double bonded to oxygen, single bond with an OH group, single bond with an alkyl group

RCOOH

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22
Q

What is the ending associated with carboxylic acids?

A

oic acid

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23
Q

What is the functional group of esters?

A

Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond to an alkyl group, single bond to an OR group

RCOOR’

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24
Q

What is the ending associated with esters?

A

yl oate

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25
Q

What is the functional group of an amide?

A

Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond to an alkyl group, single bond to a NH2 group

CORNH2

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26
Q

What is the ending associated with an amide?

A

amide

27
Q

What is the functional group of an acyl halide?

A

Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond to an alkyl group, single bond to a halogen

RCOX

28
Q

What is the ending associated with an acyl halide?

A

oyl halide

29
Q

What is the functional group of an acid anhydride?

A

Two Central carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bond to an alkyl group, both single bond to another oxygen

COROCOR

30
Q

What ending is associated with acid anhydrides?

A

oic anhydride

31
Q

What is similar about aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, acyl halides and acid anhydrides?

A

They al contain a COR group - a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and a single bond to an alkyl group

32
Q

What are the two nitrogen based groups?

A

Amines

Nitriles

33
Q

What is the functional group of amines?

A

NH2 (connected to an alkyl group)

34
Q

What ending is associated with amines?

A

amine

35
Q

What is the functional group nitriles?

A

C-N triple bond (c connected to an alkyl group)

36
Q

What ending associated with nitriles?

A

Nitriles

37
Q

What is the one sulfur based group?

A

Thiols

38
Q

What is the functional group of thiols?

A

SH (connected to an R)

39
Q

What ending is associated with thiols?

A

thiol

40
Q

What is the name of the functional group of alkenes?

A

Alkenyl

41
Q

What is the name of the functional group of alkynes?

A

Alkynyl

42
Q

What is the name of the ROH group?

A

hydroxyl group

43
Q

What family does a hydroxyl group, ROH, belong to?

A

Alcohols

44
Q

What is the name of the RCOR’ group?

A

Carbonyl group

45
Q

What family does a carbonyl group, RCOR’, belong to?

A

Ketones

46
Q

What is the name of the RCHO group?

A

Aldehyde

47
Q

What family does an aldehyde group, RCHO, belong to?

A

RCHO

48
Q

What is the name of the RCOOH group?

A

Carboxyl

49
Q

What family does a carboxyl group, RCOOH, belong to?

A

Carboxylic acids

50
Q

What is the name of the RCOOR’ group?

A

Carboalkoxy group

51
Q

What family does a carboalkoxy group, RCOOR’, belong to?

A

Esters

52
Q

What is the name of the ROR’ group?

A

Ether

53
Q

What family does an ether group, ROR’, belong to?

A

Ethers

54
Q

What is the name of the RCOX group?

A

Haloformyl group

55
Q

What family does the haloformyl group, RCOX, belong to?

A

Acyl halides

56
Q

What is the name of the RCONR’R” group?

A

Carboxamide group

57
Q

What family does the carboxamide group, RCONR’R”, belong to?

A

Amides

58
Q

What is the name of the R3N group?

A

Amines

59
Q

What family does the amines group, R3N, belong to?

A

Amines

60
Q

What is the name of the RCN group?

A

Nitrile

61
Q

What family does the nitrile group, RCN group belong to?

A

Nitriles

62
Q

What is the name of the RSH group?

A

Sulfhydryl group

63
Q

What family does the sulfhydryl group, RSH, belong to?

A

Thiol

1.2 Organic Chemistry (15 decks)

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