Functional Classification of Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Elastic arteries

A
  • Diameter: 1-2cm
  • Tunica media is rich in elastin
  • Distensible walls
  • Elastic recoil creates diastolic blood pressure
  • Examples: aorta, pulmonary artery + iliac arteries
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2
Q

Conduit (muscular) Arteries

A
  • Diameter: 0.1-1cm
  • Tunica media contains more smooth muscle (prevent collapse at bends)
  • Autonomic innervation by ANS
  • Limits blood loss in trauma
  • Examples: radial, cerebral + coronary arteries
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3
Q

Arterioles

A
  • Diameter: <0.1cm
  • Main resistance vessels- narrow lumen + large numbers
  • Main site of blood flow regulation to tissues
  • Proximal arterioles: many layers of smooth muscle + rich sympathetic innervation
  • Distal arterioles: 1-3 layers of smooth muscle + poor sympathetic innervation
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4
Q

Capillaries

A
  • Diameter: 0.004-0.007cm
  • Single layer of endothelial cells
  • Greatest total cross sectional area
  • Blood flow + pressure is at its lowest
  • Facilitates: nutrient, gas + waste product exchange
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5
Q

Arteriovenous Anastomosis

A
  • Diameter: 0.020-0.135cm
  • Wide shunt vessel- bypass capillary beds
  • Rich sympathetic innervation
  • Nasal mucosa: warm inspired air
  • Skin: temperature regulation
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6
Q

Veins + Venules

A
  • Venules diameter: 0.05-0.20cm
  • Vein diameter: >20cm
  • Thin, distensible tunica media- composed of smooth muscle + collagen
  • In limbs: tunic intina has pairs of valves to prevent backflow
  • Low resistance, capacitance vessels
  • Sympathetic innervation to main veins to displace blood in times of physiological stress
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