Functional Anatomy of Blood Vessels

Question 1

What do arteries do?

Answer 1

carry blood away from the heart

Question 2

What do veins do?

Answer 2

returns blood to heart

Question 3

Where does blood flow in order?

Answer 3

Starts at right atrium, pulmonary circuit, left atrium, then systemic circuit.

Question 4

What does the pulmonary circuit consist of?

Answer 4

Pulmonary arteries, capillaries in lungs, pulmonary veins

Question 5

What does the systemic system consist of?

Answer 5

Capillaries in head, neck, and upper limbs

Question 6

________ is the chamber of the heart into which systemic blood is returned

Answer 6

Right atrium

Question 7

________ is the chamber of the heart into which pulmonic blood is returned

Answer 7

Left atrium

Question 8

Describe the features of arteries

Answer 8

Arteries typically are round vessels with thick walls. The smooth muscle layer in arteries contains many elastic fibers

Question 9

Describe the features of veins

Answer 9

Veins are typically flattened or collapsed with relatively thin walls. The smooth muscle layer is much thinner and does not contain elastic fibers.

Question 10

What is tunica intima

Answer 10

endothelial lining of the vessel

Question 11

What is tunica media

Answer 11

muscular wall of the vessel

Question 12

What is adventitia or externa

Answer 12

outermost connective tissue sheath

Question 13

A typical capillary consists of?

Answer 13

a tube of endothelial cells in a single layer. There is no tunica media or tunica adventitia (externa). In many cases, the diameter of the capillary is no larger than the diameter of a single red blood cell.

Question 14

Describe continuous capillaries

Answer 14

Continuous capillaries have a complete endothelial lining. They permit the diffusion of water, small solutes, and fat-soluble material into tissue fluids.

Question 15

Describe fenestrated capillaries

Answer 15

Fenestrated capillaries contain windows or pores that permit rapid exchange of water and larger solutes between blood and tissue fluids

Question 16

Vesicles transport some materials across the capillary endothelial cell cytoplasm

Answer 16

Vesicles transport some materials across the capillary endothelial cell cytoplasm

Question 17

Which direction does transport and diffusion go in capillaries?

Answer 17

both directions

Question 18

What are pores called in capillaries

Answer 18

fenestrations

Question 19

Valves ________ to the contracting muscle open and allow blood to move toward the heart

Answer 19

superior

Question 20

Valves ________ to the contracting muscle close preventing backflow of blood to capillaries

Answer 20

inferior

Question 21

Blood pressure in veins is low; low enough to the point where it cannot overcome gravity. In the arms and legs, veins contain valves that function to:

Answer 21

• Compartmentalize blood within veins so it doesn’t all pool at the bottom
• Permit blood flow in only one direction preventing backflow

Question 22

What are veins called that are enlarged and twisted?

Answer 22

Varicose veins

Question 23

What system contains 2/3 of the blood in the body?

Answer 23

systemic venous system

Question 24

What is it called when there is contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of veins?

Answer 24

venoconstriction

Question 25

What is the distribution of blood throughout the body

Answer 25

64%-systemic venous system
9%-pulmonary circuit
7%-heart
13%-systemic arterial system
7%-systemic capillaries

Question 26

If serious hemorrhage (loss of blood) occurs, venoconstriction (contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of veins) reduces the diameter of veins (and, therefore, the amount of blood in the venous system), redistributing blood to maintain blood volume in the arterial system.

Answer 26

If serious hemorrhage (loss of blood) occurs, venoconstriction (contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of veins) reduces the diameter of veins (and, therefore, the amount of blood in the venous system), redistributing blood to maintain blood volume in the arterial system.

Question 27

What is the term used to describe loss of blood?

Answer 27

hemorrhage

Question 28

What does pulmonary mean?

Answer 28

Lungs