Functional Anatomy [Applied Science 25%] Flashcards
What is an agonist?
The primary muscle (prime mover) used for a mechanical movement.
What are synergists?
The secondary mover. Muscle(s) supporting the mechanical movement of a prime mover.
What is an antagonist?
Muscle(s) opposing the mechanical movement of a prime mover.
What is Sherrington’s law of reciprocal inhibition?
Antagonism explained. A law that states that for every muscle activation, there is a corresponding inhibition of the opposing muscle.
What is length-tensions relationship?
The amount of tension a muscle can produce with respect to its length.
What is force-couple relationship?
Two or more muscles acting in different directions that influence the rotation of a joint in a specific direction. (i.e. tricep & bicep)
What are muscle synergies?
The activation of a group of muscles to generate movement around a particular joint.
Muscles working together.
What are stabilizer muscles?
The muscles playing the role of stabilizing or minimizing joint movement.
What is origin of a muscle?
Where muscle attaches to a bone, closest to the midline of the body (proximal).
What is insertion of a muscle?
The opposite end of the muscle, the distal end (farther from the midline).
The distal muscular attachment point to a bone.
What does anterior mean in relation to anatomical terms of location?
In front of.
Example, the sternum is anterior to the heart because it lies in front of it.
What does posterior mean in relation to anatomical terms of location?
Behind.
The heart is posterior to the sternum because it lies behind it.
What does lateral mean in relation to anatomical terms of location?
Away from the midline.
Example, the eye is lateral to the nose.
What does medial mean in relation to anatomical terms of location?
Toward the midline.
Example, the nose is medial to the ears.
What does superior mean in relation to anatomical terms of location?
Higher than.
Example, the nose is superior to the mouth.
What does inferior mean in relation to anatomical terms of location?
Lower than, or below.
Example, the mouth is inferior to the nose.
What does proximal mean in relation to anatomical terms of location?
Closer to its origin (position of a structure with reference to its origin).
Example, the knee joint is proximal to the ankle joint
What does distal mean in relation to anatomical terms of location?
Further away (position of a structure with reference to its origin).
Example, the wrist joint is distal to the elbow joint.
How do the skeletal and muscular system work together to create movement?
Vertebrates move by the actions of muscles on bones. Tendons attach many skeletal muscles across joints allowing muscle contraction to move the bones across the joint.
What does it mean for a muscle to be rectus?
The muscle fibers go straight up & down (vertical).
What does it mean for a muscle to be oblique?
The muscle fibers run diagonally.
What does it mean for a muscle to be transverse?
The muscle fibers run horizontally.
