Anatomical Movement & Location (Biomechanics) Flashcards
Anterior (Ventral)
Front of the body or toward the front relative to another reference point.
Posterior
Back of the body or toward the back relative to another reference point.
Superior
Above a reference point.
Inferior
Below a reference point.
Proximal
Position closer to the center of the body relative to a reference point.
Distal
Position farther from the reference point.
Medial
Position relatively closer to the midline of the body.
Lateral
Position relatively farther from the midline of the body.
Prone
Lying facedown.
Supine
Lying face up.
Deep
Further beneath the surface relative to another reference point.
Superficial
Closer to the surface relative to another reference point.
Unilateral
Refers to only one side.
Bilateral
Refers to both sides.
Ipsilateral
On the same side.
Contralateral
On the opposite side.
Caudal
Toward the bottom.
Cephalic
Toward the head.
Volar
Relating to the palm of the hand or sole of the foot.
Abduction
Movement away from the midline.
Adduction
Movement toward the midline.
Flexion
Movement decreasing the angle between two body parts.
Extension
Movement increasing the angle between two body parts.
Lateral Flexion
Flexion in the frontal plane.
Protraction
Abduction of the scapula.
Retraction
Adduction of the scapula.
Elevation
Movement in a superior direction.
Depression
Movement in an inferior direction.
Plantar Flexion
Extension of the foot downward (inferiorly)
Dorsiflexion
Flexion of the foot upward (superiorly).
External Rotation
Rotational movement away from the midline.
Internal Rotation
Rotational movement toward the midline
Circumduction
Circular movement of a limb extending from the joint where the movement is controlled.
Inversion
Movement of the sole of the foot toward the median plane.
Eversion
Movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.
Pronation
Turning the palm or arch of the foot down.
Supination
Turning the palm or arch of the foot up.
Hyperextension
Position that extends beyond anatomical neutral.
Ipsilateral
Same-side movement.
Contralateral
Opposite-side movement.
Lateral
Situated away from the midline.
Medial
Situated toward or closer to the midline.
