Function of White Blood Cells

Question 1

What cells are apart of innate immunity?

Answer 1

Rapid response: - Dendritic cells - Mast cells - Macrophages - Neutrophils - Eosinophils - Basophils - NK cells

Question 2

What cells are apart of Adaptive immunity?

Answer 2

Secondary response: -B cells -T cells

Question 3

what are the functions of WBC?

Answer 3

They are able to both identify and eliminate invading pathogens - first line of defense against stuff = non-specific - trigger an inflammatory response - recognize different types of pathogens using a PRR - rapid onset

Question 4

What are the two categories that leukocytes are broken up into?

Answer 4

1) granulocytes = segmented nucleus 2) agranulocytes = intact nucleus

Question 5

What are neutrophils, eosoinophils and basophils?

Answer 5

Granulotcytes = have secretory granules

Question 6

What are agranulocytes?

Answer 6

• Lymphocytes - monocytes

Question 7

Where do all WBC originate?

Answer 7

Bone marrow -> Hematopietic cells -> common myleoid cells = leukocytes

Question 8

What is this?

Answer 8

Small lymphocyte (adaptive)

Question 9

What is this?

Answer 9

Large lymphocyte (adaptive)

Question 10

What is this?

Answer 10

Neutrophil

Question 11

What is this??

Answer 11

Band neutrophil

Question 12

What is this?

Answer 12

Monocytes: -Phagocytic indented nucleus - slightly larger than lymphocytes -life span of 20-40hrs in blood = precursor to macrophages

Question 13

What is thissss?

Answer 13

Eosinophil: Granule proteins: Myelin basic protein Function: Controlling parasitic infestation - possible roles against bacterial and viral infections Produces mediators that perform different killing abilities

Question 14

What is this?

Answer 14

Basophil: Play a major role in allergic and inflammatory reactions -surface receptors for IgE -limited phagocytic and bactericidal activity

Question 15

What WBC is usually the highest % in blood?

Answer 15

Neutrophils

Question 16

What is this?

Answer 16

Mast cell = originates in the tissue

Question 17

What three WBC originate in the tissue?

Answer 17

Dendritic cells Mast cells Macrophages

Question 18

What are the three killing mechanisms of neutrophils?

Answer 18

1. Phagocytic-phagolysosome 2. Secretory granules with antibacterial products 3. NETs-core DNA elements immobilize bacteria

Question 19

What is the granule protein of eosinophils?

Answer 19

Granule proteins: Myelin basic protein

Question 20

What is this?

Answer 20

Macrophages: Highly phagocytic -produce cytokines - signalling and amplification of immune response -Antigen presenting cells - initiate immune response

Question 21

What are phagocytes?

Answer 21

Macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils Main three functions: 1) Trapping, engulfment + destruction of pathogens 2) cytokine secretion = inducing local and systemic effects 3) Antigen presenting + processing (macrophages + dendritic cells)

Question 22

How do innate cells recognize pathogens?

Answer 22

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) detect microbes by binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) - PAMPs bind to PRR on innate cells that can facilitate phagocytosis or induce cell signalling and pro-inflammatory or interferon cytokine signalling

Question 23

What are PAMPs?

Answer 23

They are unique microbial molecules shared by groups of related microbes not found associated with mammalian cells

Question 24

What presents PAMPs to PRRs?

Answer 24

• Macrophages - Dendritic cells - granulocytes - endothelial cells - mucosal epithelial cells

Question 25

What is the result of PAMPs being brought to PRRs?

Answer 25

Activation of innate immunity

Question 26

What do Toll-like receptors do?

Answer 26

They only trigger “cell signalling” not Phagocytosis: - initiate the transcription genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines **Initiate antigen-specific adaptive immune response