Function/location/anatomy

Question 1

Kidneys, a major () organ, maintain the body’s internal environment by:
-Regulating total () volume and total () concentration in water
-Regulating ion concentrations in () fluid (ECF)
-Ensuring long-term (/) balance
-Excreting metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs
Producing () (RBC production) & () (blood pressure)

Answer 1

excretory
water,solute
extracellular
acid-base
erythropoietin
renin

Question 1

Kidneys are part of the () system, which also includes:
(): transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
() (): temporary storage reservoir for urine
(): transports urine out of body

Answer 1

urinary
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

Question 2

(), in the superior () region
-Located between T12 and L5
-() kidney is crowded by liver, so is lower than ()
-(/) sits atop each kidney
-Medial surface hasrenal ()
-Ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit at hilum

Answer 2

Retroperitoneal,lumbar
Right,left
Adrenal gland
hilum

Question 3

Clinical-
Upper parts of both kidneys are protected by () cage
Lower parts of kidneys are susceptible to blunt trauma,
Especially right kidney
Ex: falls, motor vehicle accidents, or contact sports injuries
() (blood in urine) is an important sign of such trauma

Answer 3

thoracic
Hematuria

Question 4

Internal kidney has three distinct regions
Renal (): superficial region
Renal (): deep to cortex, composed of cone-shaped medullary (renal) pyramids
Renal (): continuous w/ ureter
() calyces
Cup-shaped areas that () urine drainingfrom pyramids
() calyces
Collect urine from () calyces
() urine into renal pelvis

Answer 4

cortex
medulla
pelvis
Minor,collect
Major,
minor
Empty

Question 5

Urine flow: hint ( 5 steps)

Answer 5

Renal pyramid ->minor calyx ->major calyx ->renal pelvis -> ureter

Question 6

()
Infection or inflammation of entire kidney
*Infections in females are usually caused by
() bacteria entering urinary tract
*Untreated UTI ()
-Severe cases can cause swelling of kidney and abscess formation, and () may fill renal pelvis
-If left untreated, kidney damage may result
-Normally is successfully treated with antibiotics

Answer 6

Pyelonephritis
fecal
E.coli
pus