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FUN biomed and pharmo > FUN4/Lipids > Flashcards

FUN4/Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

a fatty acid is a _____ _____ chain with a terminal ____ group

A

hydrophobic, hydrocarbon, carboxyl

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2
Q

2 types of fatty acids

A

unsaturated and saturated

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3
Q

A __________ means that the two hydrogen atoms adjacent to the double bond stick out on the same side of the chain.

A

cis configuration

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4
Q

eicosanoids are poly__________ FAs with ____ carbons

A

unsaturated, 20

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5
Q

prostaglandins (PG) are synthesized from _____ acid via _____

A

arachidonic, cyclooxygenase(COX)

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6
Q

PG’s are _____, but have a short half life,

A

potent/strong

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7
Q

half life of PGs

A

seconds

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8
Q

what are the roles of PGs

A

inflammatory, platelet homeostasis

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9
Q

PG’s are _______ FAs

A

signalling

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10
Q

Leukotrienes are _____ FAs

A

signalling

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11
Q

leukotrienes are part of the _____ family

A

eicosanoid

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12
Q

Leukotrienes are synthesized from ______ acid via ______

A

arachidonic, lipoxygenase (LOX)

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13
Q

leukotrienes have a (longer/shorter) half life than prostaglandins

A

longer

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14
Q

half life of leukotrienes

A

4 hours

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15
Q

what are the roles of leukotrienes

A

inflammatory, neutrophil adhesion

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16
Q

4 classifications of lipids

A

FAs and their derivatives, lipids with glycerol, lipids without glycerol, lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides

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17
Q

2 types of fatty acids

A

prostaglandins and leukotrienes

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18
Q

what are the lipids containing glycerol

A
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19
Q

what are lipids that dont contain glycerol

A

steroids and sphingolipids

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20
Q

3 main functions of lipids

A

energy, strucutre, cellular signaling

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21
Q

which lipids are involved in cellular signaling events

A

steroids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

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22
Q

triglycerides are the ____ in our bodies

A

fats

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23
Q

a triglyceride is made up of ______

A

a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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24
Q

what type of tissue are triglycerides stored in

A

adipose tissue

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25
Q

triglycerides are also called

A

triacylglycerols (TAG)

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26
Q

Diacylglycerols function as _____ and _______

A

cell signaling within the cell, mobilization of calcium

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27
Q

__________ is a breakdown product of TAG in fat digestion

A

monoacylglycerol

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28
Q

describe the structure of a phospholips from top to bottom

A

choline, phosphate, glycerol, FAs

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29
Q

a sphingolipid is a _____ + _____ + ______

A

sphingosine, FA, R group

30
Q

fill in the chart

A
31
Q

fill in the chart

A
32
Q

fill in the chart

A
33
Q

fill in the chart

A
34
Q

FAs attached to certain ______ to enhance the ability of those _____ to associate with membranes

A

proteins/proteins

35
Q

FA’s are _______ of the hormone-like prostaglandins

A

precursors

36
Q

_______ fatty acids, the form of TAGs stored in ______adipose tissue, serve as a major storage of energy in body

A

esterified, white

37
Q

changes in FA metabolism are associated with ___ and _____

A

obesity, diabetes

38
Q

FAs can exist freely in the body in 2 ways…. what are they?

A

unesterified, fatty acyl esters

39
Q

fatty acyl esters can be found in more complex molecules like ____

A

triacylglycerols (TAGs)

40
Q

Plasma free fatty acids (FFA’s) are transported on ______

A

serum albumin

41
Q

lipopolysaccs are found in the outer membrane of gram-_______ bacteria

A

negative

42
Q

cholesterol is broken down to make ___, ___, and ______

A

vitamin d, bile acids, steroid hormones

43
Q

steroids have a ___ or ___ on carbon 3

A

hydroxyl or keto

44
Q

number of carbons for cholesterol, bile acids, progesterone/adrenocorticals, androgens, estrogens respectively

A

27, 24, 21, 19, 18

45
Q

lipoproteins are particles that _____ lipids

A

transport

46
Q

the core of lipoproteins is hydro______ and they are full of ____ and _____

A

hydrophobic, triacylglycerides, cholesteryl esters

47
Q

LPS act as ______

A

endotoxins

48
Q

LPSs help with a strong ______ response in humans

A

immune

49
Q

terpenes are also called

A

isoprenoids

50
Q

there are about ________ compounds of terpenes

A

50,000

51
Q

terpenes are organic compounds that are composed of ___ hydrocarbon units

A

2

52
Q

terpenes are very common in the ______ kingdom

A

plant

53
Q

terpenes function as _______ (3)

A

pigments, molecular signals, and defensive agents

54
Q

terpenes are used in ____

A

perfumes!!

55
Q

essential fatty acids (EFAs) are nutrionally essential but we cannot _______ them

A

synthesize

56
Q

what are the 2 types of EFAs?

A

linoleic acid (omega 6) and alpha-linoleic acid (omega-3)

57
Q

are EFA deficiencies rare or common

A

rare

58
Q

what are the 2 types of EFA deficiencys called

A

scaly dermatitis/ichthyosis, visual and neurologic problems

59
Q

know this chart

A
60
Q

label 1-5

A
61
Q

energy is produced in the ___ and ____ states

A

fed, fasting

62
Q

deviating lipid metabolism is called _______

A

ketoacidosis

63
Q

ketoacidosis can cause diseases such as ________

A

diabetes mellitus, esp type 1

64
Q

medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is involved in ___________

A

mitochondrial fatty acid Beta oxidation

65
Q
A
66
Q

MCAD fuels _________

A

hepatic ketogenesis

67
Q

what is hepatic ketogenisis?

A

once hepatic glycogen storage depeltes, this acts as a source of energy during long fasts or peroids of high energy demand

68
Q

MCAD deficiency is autosomal _______

A

recessive

69
Q

MCAD deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from converting certain ______ to ____

A

fats to energy

70
Q

what are the main clinical signs of an MCAD deficiency

A

cant fast for a long time, hypoglycemia, impaired ketogenesis, reccurent episodes of hypoglycaemic coma

71
Q

how to manage an MCAD deficiency

A

avoid fasting, glucose supplements

72
Q
A

FUN biomed and pharmo (8 decks)

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